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• Clause


  Group of words with a subject and a verb
• Phrase


  Does not contain a subject and a verb
• 2 Main Types of Clauses

  • Independent
  • Dependent (Subordinate)
• Independent Clause


  • Can stand alone because they express complete thoughts
• Independent Clause


  • The sun rises in the east.
  • Warm brownies taste delicious!
  • I drink coffee.
• Dependent (Subordinate) Clause

  • Can't stand alone because they don't express complete thoughts
• Dependent (Subordinate) Clause


  • since I drink coffee
  • whenever the sun rises
  • because I love stories
• 3 Types of Subordinate Clause

  • Adjective clause
  • Adverb clause
  • Noun clause
• Adjective Clause


  Dependent clause that functions as an adjective
• Adjective Clause


  • The tiger that was angry snarled at me.
• Adverb Clause


  Dependent clause that functions as an adverb
• Adverb Clause

  • I will eat my broccoli after I eat this cookie.
• Noun Clause


  Dependent clause that functions as a noun
• Noun Clause


  • Whatever you want is fine with me.
• 4 Kinds of Sentences According to Function

  • Declarative
  • Imperative
  • Interrogative
  • Exclamatory
• Declarative Sentence


  Makes a statement and ends with a period
• Declarative Sentence


  • I like sleeping.
  • Yesterday, I slept through my alarm.
• Imperative Sentence


  Gives a command, usually ends with a period or exclamation point
• Imperative Sentence


  • Please pass the salt.
  • Get out of my way!
• Interrogative Sentence


  Asks a question, always ends with a question mark
• Interrogative Sentence


  • Where are the brownies?
  • Did you buy eggs today?
• Exclamatory Sentence


  Indicates a strong emotion and ends with an exclamation point
• Exclamatory Sentence


  • Jeepers! You scared the life out of me!
  • How beautiful the budding trees are this spring!
• Types of Sentences

  • Simple
  • Complex
  • Compound
  • Compound-Complex
• Simple Sentence


  Has one subject and one predicate
• Simple Sentence


  • We went to San Juan yesterday.
• Basic Elements of Every Sentence

  • Subject
  • Predicate
• Subject


  The one that takes the action
• Predicate


  Part of the sentence that contains the action
• Simple Sentence


  • Mary plays tennis.
• Compound Sentence


  • Has more than one part that can stand alone (independent clauses)
  • Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon
• Compound Sentence


  • We went to San Juan, and most of us danced all night.
• Coordinating Conjunctions

  • For
  • And
  • Nor
  • But
  • Or
  • Yet
  • So
• Compound Sentence with Coordinating Conjunctions

  • Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
• Conjunctive Adverbs


  Used to connect independent clauses in a compound sentence
• Compound Sentence with Conjunctive Adverbs

  • Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
• Conjunctive adverbs can "float" and be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause
• Semicolon


  Used to separate independent clauses in a compound sentence when the relation between the ideas is very close and obvious without a conjunction
• Compound Sentence with Semicolon

  • Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
• Complex Sentence


  • Has at least one part that can stand alone (independent clause) and one part that cannot (dependent clause)
  • Dependent clause is linked to the independent clause by a subordinating conjunction