Pharmacology RBE

• Which of the following ophthalmic drugs is also used motion sickness (Injection, oral, or transdermal patch)

  Scopalamine
• Of the following mydriatics/ cycloplegics Atropine lasts 7-10 days (longest) and Tropicamide lasts 15-60 mins (shortest)
• What drug is a natural alkaloid found in Solancease plants (deadly nightshade)?

  Atropine
• Which pharmacological effect will result in a cholinomimetic agonist is administered in recommended doses?

  Urinary frequency
• Which one of the following is characteristic of parasympathetic stimulations?

  Contraction of sphincter muscle in the iris of the eye (miosis)
• Which one of the following is not an effect of atropine on the human body?

  Stimulation of gastric secretion
• What type of drugs are Atropine, Scopolamine, and Pirenzepine?

  Acetylcholine antagonist
• In pregnancy categories of drugs, animals, or human data shows positive for risk. Use is unwarranted:

  category X
• Pilocarpine which is used for the treatment of glaucoma is classified as:

  cholinomimetic
• The branch of autonomic nervous system that includes "fight or flight" response is the:

  sympathetic division
• The parasympathetic nervous system affects all of these organs EXCEPT:

  adrenal glands
• A common measure of the extent of bioavailability for a drug given by a particular route is:

  area under the curve (AUC)
• What advantage does the parenteral route have over the alimentary route?

  large volumes can be delivered
• Carbomoyl -beta- methylcholine is

  Bethanechol
• Acetyl -beta- methylcholine is

  Methacholine
• Where is the acetyl CoA synthesized (pre- synthesis for ACh)

  Mitochondria
• Sympathetic stimulation of the iris causes:

  pupillary dilation
• Atropine sulfate is:

  anticholinergic
• The set of properties that characterize the effects of a drugs on the body is called:

  pharmacodynamics
• Two drugs act on the same tissue or organ via activation of different receptors, resulting in effect that are qualitatively the opposite of one another. This represents which of the following types of antagonism?

  Physiologic antagonism
• The therepeutic effectiveness of neostigmine in myasthenia gravis is thought to be due to:

  its ability to inactive cholinesterase
• Muscarinic ACh receptors and adrenergic receptors are associated with which of the following?

  G- protein coupled receptors
• The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system are division of which of the following?

  ANS and PNS
• Which of the following reversible cholinesterase inhibitors is used for Alzheimer disease?

  Physostigmine
• Which of the following describes an agonist?

  A drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates cellular activity
• The ratio of the amount of the drug present in the body over the plasma concentration?

  Volume of distribution
• All of these are characteristics of parasympathetic stimulation except:

  relaxation of urinary bladder
• NE is the neurotransmitter at:

  postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings on smooth muscles, cardiac muscle.
• Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of Scopolamine?

  reversible antagonist at muscarinic receptor
• Ms. M has had myasthenia gravis for several years. She reports to the emergency department complaining of rapid onset of weakness of her hands, diplopia, and difficulty swallowing. She may be suffering from a change in response to her myasthenia therapy, ie, a cholinergic or a myasthenic crisis. The best drug distinguishing between myasthenic crisis (insufficient therapy) and cholinergic crisis (excessive therapy) is:

  Edrophonium
• Which one of the following statements concerning nervous system is correct?

  The parasympathetic division is involved in accommodation of near vision, and urination
• What two clinical results of atropine facilitate ophthalmoscopic examination?

  Mydriasis and cycloplegia
• Preganglionic neurons come from craniosacral regions:

  Parasympathetic nervous system
• The following are direct organ system effect of muscarinic cholinoceptor stimulant, EXCEPT:

  decreased secretory and motor activity of the gut
• Which of the following is NOT a major symptom of atropine toxicity?

  wet as a towel
• What drug is natural alkaloid found in Hyoscymus niger or henbane?

  Scopalamine
• What is bethanecol most commonly used?

  for urinary retention
• Which of the following administration routes is most likely to subject a drug to a "first- pass" effect in the liver?

  Oral
• Which of the following is not part if the etymology of the word pharmacology?

  Herb
• Which of the following routes of administration os the most convenient, although may have a bioavailability anywhere from 5-100%

  PO (oral)