NOMENCLATURE

• What functional group do esters have?

  C=O

  |

  O
• How are acid anhydrides formed?


  two carboxylic acids join with the removal of water.
• What's the The first priority functional group?


  Carboxylic acids
• What's the The second priority functional group?


  Acid anyhdrides
• What's the The third priority functional group?


  esters
• What's the the fourth priority functional group?


  acid halides
• What's the fifth priority functional group?


  amides
• What's the sixth priority functional group?


  nitriles
• What's the seventh priority functional group?


  aldehydes
• What's the eighth priority functional group?


  ketones
• What's the ninth priority functional group?


  alcohols
• What's the tenth priority functional group?


  amines
• What's the eleventh priority functional group?


  alkenes
• What's the twelfth priority functional group?


  halogenoalkanes
• What's the thirteenth priority functional group?


  alkanes
• How do you name an alkene when there's 3 substituents?

  You look at the side of the double bond with 2 substituents

  Compare atomic number of the atom 1 bond away and the atom with the higher atomic number holds priority

  Compare the highest priority substituent from RHS with highest priority substituent from LHS and see whether they're on the same side (Z) or opposite sides (E)
• What do you do during naming alkenes when the atoms 1 bond away from the double bond are the same for both substituents?

  Look at the atoms 2 bonds away from the double bond and compare their atomic numbers.
• What changes to the naming of an alkene if it has an alcohol or carbonyl group attached?

  the suffix will have "en" instead of "an"
• What do you do when the alcohols in a diol are on different carbons on the carbon chain?

  Number the carbons in the direction that gives the lowest position number

  Include the lowest position number first when naming the diol
• When do you have to include the position number of the ketone functional group?

  When the main carbon chain has 5 or more carbons.