Paper 1 Questions

• Three reasons why government policies aimed at raising educational achievement among disadvantaged groups may not always succeed:

  1. Can be difficult to implement policies
  2. May not be used by those who need them due to the stigma.
  3. May not be used properly by the schools for the targeted reason e.g. Pupil Premium
• Three ways in which factors within schools may shape gender differences in subject choice

  1. Peer group pressure - stereotypical gender identities
  2. Career advice given at schools
  3. Learning resources may include gender stereotypes
• Two reasons why marketisation policies may produce inequality of educational achievement:

  1. Cream skimming
  2. Parental choice of school
• Three ways in which the characteristics of schools may be similar to the characteristics of workplaces:

  1. Both are based on competition
  2. Both have a hierarchy of authority
  3. Both are based on alienation
• Two factors external to schools that may affect social class differences in educational achievement

  1. Financial capital
  2. Linguistic codes
• Two ways in which globalisation may have had an influence on educational policies in the UK:

  1. The involvement of international testing programmes e.g. PISA
  2. Growth of the internet
• Two ways in which schools might promote competition between pupils:

  1. Ranking pupils by ability
  2. Setting, banding and streaming
• Two material factors that may affect social class differences in educational achievement

  1. Inability to afford school uniform or fashionable clothing
  2. Inadequate nutrition
• Outline two cultural factors that may affect ethnic differences in educational achievement

  1. Language / Language barriers
  2. Ethnocentric curriculum
• Three reasons for gender differences in educational achievement

  1. Laddish subcultures
  2. Changes in the job market
  3. Reduction of coursework
• Two criticism of schools selecting pupils by ability

  1. Selection may benefit middle class children
  2. Tests used to select pupils may be culturally biased
• Three functions that the education system performs for society

  1. Social solidarity
  2. Secondary socialisation
  3. Reproduce the patriarchy
• Three reasons why some working-class boys join anti-school subcultures.

  1. Status frustration
  2. Fewer job opportunities for working-class boys
  3. Working-class attitudes and values
• Three ways in which the education system may be seen as patriarchal

  1. Bias in careers advice and work placements - girls put off certain careers
  2. Double standards
  3. Patriarchal hierarchies of power in schools