C+P, Whitechapel Revision

• Name 2 Crimes againt the Person:

  - Murder

  - Assault

  - Public Disorder

  - Rape
• Name 2 Crimes against the Property:

  - Arson

  - Theft

  - Counterfeiting Coins
• Name 1 Crime against Authority:

  - Treason

  - Rebellion
• In Anglo-Saxon England, how many men would be in a tithing?

  10 men - all over the age of 12
• What would someone raise if they witnessed a crime?

  A "Hue and Cry"
• What were the 3 types of Trial By Ordeal in Anglo-Saxon England?


  - Trial by Hot Iron

  - Trial by Cold Water

  - Trial by Hot Water
• Who was the Wergild fine paid to?

  The Wergild fine was paid directly to a victim's family.
• What was the name given to a public punishment, which aimed to humiliate anyone guilty of a crime?

  Stocks and Pillory
• What year did the Battle of Hastings occur?

  1066
• Who took the throne after the Battle of Hastings?

  William the Conquerer
• Between 1066 and 1087, how many people are estimated to have died as a result of food shortages?

  100,000
• What was the Murdrum fine used for?

  The Murdrum was a large sume of money paid by the hundred where a body was found IF the murderer was not captured.
• How much of England's Forests became Royal Forests under the Forest Laws?

  30%
• What was it Illegal to do on Royal Forests?

  Graze Animals, Kill Wild Animals and take wood without a licence.
• What was the name given to someone who attempted to avoid trial and punishment by running away from their community?

  An Outlaw
• What new Trial by Ordeal did the Normans introduce and what was it used to resolve?

  The Normans introduced Trial by Combat and it was used to resolve disputes between 2 people, typically over land or money.
• What year were prisons set up by Henry II, under the changes known as the "Assize of Clarendon"?

  1166
• How often would Justices in Eyre visit each county?

  Twice a year
• What did the Statute of Labourers make it a crime to do?

  It made it a crime to ask for higher wages.
• What year was the Statute of Labourers passed in Parliament?

  1351
• What year were Justices of Peace introduced?

  1361
• What year did Trial by Ordeals come to an end?

  1215
• What was used instead of Trial by Ordeal?

  Trial by Jury

  - The Jury would be made up of 12 men who would decide whether the accused was guilty or innocent at the end of the trial.
• Why were Church Courts considered more lenient?

  They very rarely used the death penalty as a sentence, and could enforce minor punishments like a pilgrimage or a confession and an apology at mass.
• What verse of the Bible would people have to recite to claim the Benefit of the Clergy?

  Psalm 51 - which later became known as the "neck verse"
• How many days would someone have to leave the country after claiming Sancturary?

  40 days
• When did Sancturary come to an end and under whose reign?

  1536 under the reign of Henry VIII
• How many heretics did Mary I burn at the stake?

  283
• What year was the Witchcraft Act introduced?

  1542
• What year was the Vagrancy Act introduced?

  1547
• What year were the Poor Laws?

  1601
• What did the Poor Laws do?


  - All Local Parishes had to provide Poor Relief to the "deserving poor"

  - The "underserving poor" could be branded, whipped or sent to one of the Houses of Corrections
• Why did enclosure cause?

  It caused more people to move away from villages and into towns in search of paid work.
• What 2 new roles were established in towns?

  Night Watchmen and Town Constables
• Who was expected to carry out the role of Night Watchmen?

  All male town citizens were expected to carry it out at some point.
• What duties did Town Constables have?

  - Collected payments for Road Cleaning

  - Had some powers of arrest, without needing a warrant from a JP

  - Expected to turn serious criminals into the courts
• Who were professional thief takers?

  The Thief Taker was paid a reward for catching a criminal, many criminals also operated as thief takers so it made it extremley unreliable.
• What year was Bridewell Prison opened?

  1556
• What were the two different lengths for Transportation?

  7 or 14 years
• How many Capital Crimes were there in 1688?

  50 Capital Crimes