Cell structure

• Living organisms are made of cells
• Animal cells contain:

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole
• Plant cells contain:

  • Cell membrane
  • Cell walls
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleolus
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplast
• Nucleus: Double membraned organelle containing the cells DNA. It is the brain of the cell and controls cell division
• Cell membrane: Double layered membrane that surrounds the cell
• Chloroplast: (ONLY IN PLANTS) It contains green chlorophyll pigments to absorb light and energy and the enzymes needed for photosynthesis
• Cytoplasm: A gel like substance composed of water and dissolved solutes, it supports internal cell structures and it is the sit of many chemical reactions, including anaerobic respiration.
• Cell wall: (ONLY IN PLANTS) It is made of cellulose (polymer of glucose), it gives cell extra support defining its shape
• Vacuole: Storage of cell sap (solution of sugar and salts) and also helps support cell shape
• Specialised cells:

  • Ciliated cells
  • Nerve cells
  • Red blood cells
  • Sperm cells

  (In plants)

  • Root hair cells
  • Palisade Mesophyll cell
• Ciliated cells: Moves mucus

  -> Hair like structure called cilla

  -> Beat together to move particles
• Nerve cells: Conduction of impulses

  -> Long, connect body parts to your central nervous system
• Red blood cells: Transports oxygen

  -> Biconcave disc shape increases SA

  -> No nucleus, increases space for O2
• Sperm cell: Reproduction

  -> Head contains DNA

  -> Tail enables sperm to swim

  -> Mid piece packed with mitochondria
• Root hair cell: Absorption of water, minerals

  -> Walls are thin

  -> SA is large
• Palisade Mesophyll cell: Increasing photosynthesis

  -> Column shaped - maximise sun light

  -> Contains many chloroplasts