Internal factors in class

• Labelling theory= Becker found that teachers compare students to the middle class "ideal pupil" which can create a self fulfilling prophecy
• Setting and Streaming= Gilbourn+ Youdell, educational triage WC students are seen as doomed to fail but teachers believe they can help failing MC students
• Pupil subcultures= Lacey, subcultures develop through differentiation and polarisation
• Pupil identities= symbolic violence, Archer Nike identities and heterosexual hyper feminine identities cause under achievement