𝐋𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥, 𝐅𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞, & 𝐋𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐲

• Literary devices


  Any specific aspect of literature of a particular work, which we can recognize, identify, interpret, and analyze
• Literary elements


  • Aspects/characteristics of a whole text derived from reading the text
  • Most literary elements can be derived from any texts
  • Naturally evident
• Persona


  The "teller" of the literary piece
• Point of view (POV)


  The one speaking in the story or poem. Answers the question "Who is the speaker?" and "What is the speaker like?"
• Addressee


  • Intended recipient of the poem/story
  • To whom is the story or poem addressed
  • What is the relationship of persona and addressee
• Theme


  Central Idea that drives the work of art
• Plot


  Arrangement of events in the story
• Literary techniques


  • Specific and deliberate constructions of language which the author uses to convey meaning
  • Unlike literary elements, literary techniques are not necessarily present in every text
  • 3 Categories: Sound of Words, Meaning of Words, Arrangement of Words, and Image of Words
• Alliteration


  Repeated consonant sound at the beginning of each words placed near each other
• Assonance


  Repeated vowel sounds in words placed near each other, usually on the same/adjacent line
• Consonance


  Repetition of a consonant sound is typically used to refer to the repetition of sounds at the end of the word, but also refers to repeated sounds in the middle of the word
• Rhyme


  Words that have different beginning sounds but whose endings sound alike
• Repetition


  Some lines are purposefully reuse of words/phrase for an effect
• Onomatopoeia


  Words evoke the actual sound of the thing they refer to or describe
• Polysyndeton


  List of series of words, phrases, or clauses that is connected with the repeated use of the same conjunction
• Allusion


  Reference of some person, historical event, work of art, or biblical/mythological situation or character
• Simile


  Direct comparison of two unlike things using like/as
• Metaphor


  Direct comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as
• Personification


  Human like qualities to an inanimate object, animal, or abstract ideas
• Hyperbole


  Use of exaggeration used for an effect
• Oxymoron


  Combination of 2 words that appear to contradict each other
• Paradox


  Seeming contradiction may reveal an unexpected truth
• Apostrophe


  Statement that addresses someone (or something) that is not present or can't respond in reality
• Synecdoche


  A part is made to represent the whole or vice versa
• Irony


  • Expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous empathetic effect
  • Verbal
  • Situational
  • Dramatic
• Litotes


  Figure of speech featuring a phrase that utilizes negative wording or term to express a positive statement
• Symbolism


  Attached extraordinary meaning and significance to an ordinary object, event, animal/person
• Stanza


  • The division of poetry
  • Couplet: Two Line Stanza
  • Triplet: Three Line Stanza
  • Quatrain: Four Line Stanza
  • Quintet: Five Line Stanza
  • Sestet: Six Line Stanza
  • Septet: Seven Line Stanza
  • Octave: Eight Line Stanza
• Rhetorical question


  Question solely for effect, which does not required an answer
• Imagery


  • Use of vivid language to generate ideas and/or evoke mental images
  • Visual: Sight
  • Auditory: Sound
  • Olfactory: Smell
  • Gustatory: Taste
  • Tactile: Touch
  • Organic: Feeling inside
  • Kinesthetics: Movement
• Tone


  Attitude of the persona
• Mood


  Overall feelings
• Flashback


  Takes place before a story begins
• Foreshadowing


  Utilizes as a means to indicate or hint to readers something that is to follow or appear later in a story