Classic research

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    Holly

    Cards (13)

    • What is the classic research of the behaviourist approach?
      Watson & Rayner.
      Conditioned emotional reactions.
      Little Albert.
    • 11 months 3 days
      Establishing conditioned response.
      White rat presented to Albert.
      Bar struck when he touched the animal.
      Albert jumped violently, fell forward and buried his face in the mattress.
      Join stimulation again. Albert whimpered.
    • 11 months 10 days 

      Rat presented without sound.
      When rat touched infant hand was immediately withdrawn.
      Rat & sound x5 -> Crying.
    • 11 months 15 days
      Blocks
      Rat alone -> crawled away
      Rabbit, dog, fur coat, cotton wool -> negative responses
    • 11 months 20 days

      Rat alone -> withdrawal
      Rabbit alone -> leaned away
      Rabbit & bar
      Dog & bar
    • 11 months 21 days 

      Santa mask -> withdrawal, cried when forced to touch it.
      Fur coat -> withdrawal
      Rat & rabbit & dog -> fear
    • Baseline emotions tests
      Approx 9 months
      White rabbit
      Dog
      Monkey
      Mask
      Cotton wool
      Burning newspaper
      No fear response
    • Aims of W&R research
      Answer the questions:
      Can a fear of a previously neutral stimulus be conditioned by presenting it with an established negative stimulus?
      Could the conditioned response be transferred to other animals or objects?
      Does this conditioned response change over time?
      How might these emotional responses be removed if they do not die out?
    • Methodological strengths of W&R research
      Standardised procedure
      Controlled environment
      Controlled stimulus (blocks)
    • Methodological weaknesses of W&R research
      External population validity - only one participant -> not generalisable
      Ecological validity -> not introduced to stimuli naturally
    • Ethical strengths of Watson & Rayner
      Mother withdrew him
    • Ethical weaknesses of W&R research
      Informed consent - parents not informed on procedures and aims.
      Protection from harm - psychological stress, phobia not unconditioned.
      Confidentiality - name used.
      Right to withdraw - Albert wanted to withdraw? (Crawling away).
    • Social implications of W&R research
      Advertising - eg music people associate with products
      SD (counterconditioning)
      Education - Le Francois (2000) suggested maximising pleasant stimuli in the classroom will lead to students feeling more positively about education.