Particle model of matter

• in a solid, particles are closely packed together and vibrate about fixed positions
• in a liquid, particles can flow or be poured
• in a gas, particles are very far apart and move around quickly
• sublimation - solid to gas
• deposition - gas to solid
• internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy stored in the vibrating particles within a substance - we perceive this as heat
• specific latent heat is the energy required per kg to change its state without any change in temperature
• Brownian Motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, it is caused by the forces exerted by collisions of the particle with the much smaller fluid around it.