Anaerobic respiration

• What is the only respiratory pathway that can continue in the absence of oxygen

  Glycolysis
• Why does NAD need to reoxidised

  So that it is then available to accept more hydrogen ions
• When is anaerobic respiration used

  In the absence of oxygen and if it oxygen cannot be supplied fast enough
• What is an obligate anaerobe

  They cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
• What is a facultative anaerobe

  synthesis ATP by aerobic respiration but switches to anaerobic respiration of necessary
• What is an obligate aerobe

  Can only synthesise ATP in the presence of oxygen. if they do go through anaerobic respiration they produce compounds which need to be broken down when oxygen is available
• What is fermentation 


  Where organic compounds are broken into smaller inorganic compounds without oxygen
• What is lactate fermentation in animals

  1. Pyruvate acts as a hydrogen acceptor taking in hydrogens from NAD
  2. pyruvate is turned into lactate acid
• Where does lactate fermentation mainly occur

  Muscle tissue
• What happens to the lactic acid

  It is converted back to glucose in the liver but oxygen is needed to do so
• Why can lactate fermentation not occur indefinitely

  Reduced ATP would not be enough to maintain processes and a build up of lactic acid would lower the pH in the body
• What is a main anime when trying to improve physical fitness

  To increase blood supply to increase the rate lactic acid is removed
• What is alcoholic fermentation (yeast)

  1. Pyruvate is first converted into ethanal and catalysed by enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase
  2. ethanal can then accept a hydrogen from Reduced NAD becoming ethanol
• Is alcohol fermentation reversible


  No