tov and reactions

• Nov 1918 - germany signed armistice
• paris peace conference - tov negotiated with big 3 involving 30 other countries
• france aims - georges clemenceau, the tiger

  • revenge
  • max reparations to break the country
  • believes germany would've done the same
  • push germany's borders back
• britain's aims david lloyd george the realist/pragmatist

  • cautious abt punishing germany to prevent communism spread
  • wanted german economic stability
  • colonial and naval interests prioritised
  • public wanted germany to pay (due to propaganda)
  • endorsed LoN
• fountainebleau memorandum march 1919

  demand for french allied occupation for rhineland opposed, causing conflict between big 3
• america aims - woodrow wilson the idealist

  • no fighting on american spil
  • fair peace so no revenge
  • 14 points
  • american citizens wanted isolationism from european politics
  • creation of LoN
• woodrow wilson's 14 points

  • freedom of the seas
  • self determination (all national groups have gov and countries)
  • he thought the war had been caused by the build-up of weapons and therefore called for disarmament - for all countries to get rid of their weapons
  • he wanted independence to be given to romania, serbia and montenegro, an independent polish state to be created with access to the sea, and for alsace-lorraine to be returned to france
  • he wanted to end trade barriers and tariffs, promote open markets and economic cooperation, and prevent competition between nations
• tov 28th june 1919 - germany punished territorially, militarily, economically and psychologically
• tov - military

  • rhineland demilitarised
  • 100,000 volunteers for army
  • no conscription, no tanks, no submarines, no aircraft
  • no arms trade
  • 15,000 men, 1500 officers in navy
• tov - economy

  • £6.6B reparations
  • article 232 saar given away
  • workforce of resources lost causing damaged economy
  • 10% land lost, 1/8 of population lost, 48% of iron industry lost
• tov - national pride

  • article 231 the war guilt clause (accept full blame for war)
  • anschluss forbidden
  • germany cannot join LoN
• tov - territory

  • colonies given to LoN to control
  • germany split into 2 due to polish corridor
• french reaction to tov (unhappy clemenceau + public)

  good:

  • alsace-lorraine given to france
  • rhineland demilitarised
  • public liked saar control

  bad:

  • germany had army
  • rhineland wasnt annexed
  • reparations too low

  clemenceau punished for not doing enough

  left wing - harsh

  right wing - lenient
• british reaction to tov - (british public celebrate lloyd george but he is unhappy)


  good:

  • naval and imperial supremacy secured
  • anti german propaganda caused public to be happy ab tov

  bad:

  • harsh reparations affect trade
  • believed treaty would start war in 25 yrs
  • some opposition
• american reaction (woodrow + public unhappy)


  good:

  • LoN creation

  bad:

  • 14 points ignored
  • treaty too harsh
  • self-determination not extended to all
  • isolationists disliked article 10 (protect european countries)
  • senate did not join LoN in the end