Long-Term Memory AO3

• What did Tulving et al., (1994) find in participants asked to recall different types of information?


  Different areas of the brain were shown to active according to the type of LTM
• Why is Tulving’s research advantageous?

  Provides scientific evidence about different types of LTM; grants LTM with scientific credibility
• What did Milner (1962) find in his case study of Patient HM?


  HM suffered from severe epilepsy and his hippocampus was removed in the process of surgery; HM could perform procedural (implicit) tasks, but was unable to recall his experiences explicitly
• What does Patient HM support in the LTM?

  Distinction between explicit and implicit memories
• Why is Patient HM’s case study beneficial?

  Supports Tulving’s core claim of different types of LTM through real-life context, granting the model with more than just theoretical credibility in adequately explaining types of LTM
• What is neurorehabilitation?

  Treatment of a neurological injury, illness or diagnosis
• How does research into the different types of LTM aid neurorehabilitation?

  Understand memory disorders and target more specific interventions
• Why is it beneficial to develop more specific neurorehabilitation methods?


  Better able to diagnose deficits in the LTM and prevent the deterioration of memory loss
• What did Strauch et al., (2017) find relating to odours and memory?


  Some odours can trigger memories of experiences from years back through the process of the piriform cortex saving those memories; only in interaction with other brain areas
• What does Strauch et al., (2017)’s research mean for neurorehabilitation?


  Targeting other forms of memory, such as odours, may be challenging as it is not fully understood in literature
• Outline and evaluate the LTM (16 marks)

  AO1: Episodic, semantic and procedural memories

  AO3 (+): Tulving et al., (1962)

  AO3 (+): Milner (1962)

  AO3 (+): Neurorehabilitation

  AO3 (-): Strauch et al., (2017)