Classification

• Taxonomy - The science of classifying living things
• Linnaeus - Developed a system for classifying living things
• Binomial Nomenclature - two-word naming system
• How do you write a Binomial Nomenclature

  Genus species
• What are the three types of domains?

  Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
• What are the 5 kingdom systems?

  Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera
• What is the hierarchy of categories in a classification system?

  Domain

  Kingdom

  Phylum

  Class

  Order

  Family

  Genus

  Species
• Monera

  Bacteria, unicellular, prokaryotic
• Protista

  “Catchall kingdom”; mostly unicellular, eukaryotic organisms
• Fungi


  mostly multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms
• Plantae

  multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic organisms
• Animalia

  multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms
• Cladograms


  Shows pattern of shared characteristics and can trace back to a common ancestor

  
• Clade

  Evolutionary branches including an ancestor and its descendents
• Spontaneous Generation (Needham)


  Life arises from pre-existing life → Disproved by Pasteur, Redi, Spallanzani
• Organic Soup

  Hypothesis of organic molecules from inorganic materials
• Outgroup


  The most distantly related group of the organisms being compared
• Ingroup


  Main focus of study
• Primitive Characteristics

  Original ancestral traits
• Shared Derived Characteristics


  New traits the are "unique" to a smaller branch of organisms because ancestors didn't have them
• Extra-terrestrial


  Meteorites and comets seeded earth with organic molecules
• Miller and Urey Experiment

  Simulated how life may have bean using ammonia, water, hydrogen, and methane with a spark of energy formed organic matter