Pre-release FIGURE 1

• Affordable housing


  Homes for sale or rent at what is considered an affordable price for the local area
• Agricultural land


  Land used for farming (crops and animals) to produce food and other products
• Rural

  Low population density, often in the countryside, surrounded by open land
• Hectare


  Unit of measurement = 10,000 m^2
• Brownfield land 


  Previously developed areas, usually found in urban areas that are now abandoned
• Urban


  High population density like a city or town, generally has infrastructure and buildings
• Amenities


  Facilities and services like parks, shops, schools and hospitals that make life easier and more enjoyable
• Economic benefits


  Financial positive impacts which would benefit the local/national economy
• Greenfield land


  Not been developed before, outside of cities
• Infrastructure


  Basic systems and services that a place needs e.g. roads, electricity, water supply
• Overcrowding


  When the population density is too high - too many people living in not enough space
• Peatland


  Wetlands with a thick layer of peat (partially destroyed plant material) which is important for biodiversity and storing carbon (which reduces greenhouse gas emmisions)
• Social benefits


  Positive impacts on society which improve quality of life e.g. improved health, education, community cohesion
• Urban sprawl


  Uncontrolled spread of urban areas into surrounding rural areas
• What can urban sprawl lead to


  New housing and infrastructure but at the cost of destroying greenfield land
• Recreational space


  Areas designed for leisure and enjoyment like parks, playgrounds etc.
• Rural-urban fringe


  Where the city meets the countryside
• Issue with housing in the UK

  There is a housing crisis. This means 8 million people are living in unsuitable and unaffordable homes. There is homelessness, overcrowding and lack of basic facilities as house prices are too high for average income
• What is the government's target for new homes by the mid-2020s

  300,000 new homes a year
• How many new and improved homes does the National Housing Federation estimate are needed


  340,000 per year
• Percentage increase needed for target of new homes?


  13.3%
• Describe the distribution of areas where there is projected to be more than 15% growth in housing


  Areas where growth is predicted to be 15% or higher are unevenley distributed but they tend to be in the south of England in rural areas near major cities like Birmingham, Exeter and Norwich
• Median average household income (2019)

  18,901
• Average house price (2019)

  £ 241,620.22
• How many new affordable homes need to be built (National Housing Federation)


  145,000
• Social advantage for Greenfield sites

  Bigger houses and gardens and natural scenery are attractive -> Better quality of life
• Economic advantage for Greenfield sites

  Cheaper to buy land and develop it
• Environmental advantage for Greenfield sites

  Less conjestion from traffic so less pollution
• Social advantage for Brownfield sites

  Already has facilities and amenities like transport links, it brings community cohesion to a derelict area
• Economic advantage for Brownfield sites

  Benefits abandoned area and boosts economy through new shops, restaurants etc.
• Environmental advantage for Brownfield sites

  By developing brownfield sites, urban greening can take place to introduce new wildlife e.g. in London Olympic regenertion 300,000 new trees were planted
• Social disadvantage for Brownfield sites

  Noisy construction could disrupt locals
• Environmental disadvantage for Brownfield sites

  Machinery required to decontaminate land may release harmful emmisions
• Economic disadvantage for Brownfield sites

  Very expensive to develop as may need to decontaminate land before construction
• Social disadvantage for Greenfield sites

  Due to poorer transport links people need to use cars which is less convinient. It creates commuter 'ghost' towns
• Economic disadvantage for Greenfield sites

  Agricultural land lost so farmers lose source of income
• Environmental disadvantage for Greenfield sites

  Wildlife destroyed and habitat loss, increased pollution