Religious fundementalism= Bruce says fundementalism can be a reaction to social change(diversity), or to external forces (like colonisation). It's a defense
Secular fundementalism= Ansell says French secular fundementalism can be seen in the banning of religious clothes in public
Cultural defense= Bruce said one of the main functions of religion is to unite communities against an external force
Religion and development= Lehman Pentecostalism has been successful in other countries as it as it incorporates local beliefs