Crown, parliament, plots, and court life

• When was the English Civil War?

  1642-1648
• Who fought in the English Civil War?

  Royalists vs. Parliamentarians
• why was Charles the first executed?

  lost the civil war

  was captured and executed
• when was Charles I executed?

  1649
• what was England after Charles’s death?

  Commonwealth governed by MPs known as the rump parliament
• when did Oliver Cromwell rule?

  1653-1658
• what were most of Oliver Cromwell supporters?


  Puritans
• what was Oliver Cromwell’s title?

  Lord Protector
• when was Charles the second in exile?

  1649-1660
• where did Charles the second spend his exile?

  At the lavish French court with his cousin Louis XIV
• what did Louis XIV believe in?

  Absolute monarchy and the divine right of kings
• when did Oliver Cromwell die?

  1658
• Who initially took over from Oliver Cromwell, but wasn’t fit for the job?

  Richard Cromwell ( his son)
• Who then held power after Richard?

  The army
• what was the long parliament?

  Where in the army and Parliament have disagreements and, 1659

  The MPs that had been forced from parliament in 1648 returned
• why was Charles invited back to England?

  Many of the MPs in the long parliament accepted the idea of monarchy
• when did Charles the second return back to England?

  may 1660
• what was in the Declaration of Breda?

  He would take parliaments advice

  Allow peaceful religious beliefs

  Play the army, their wages

  Not persecute, those who had fought against his father, in the Civil War.
• what were some problems Charles faced on his return to England?

  The religious divisions involving dissenters

  Needed to deal with those who opposed his father

  The army needed to be made smaller and brought under control
• how was the problem of the army fixed?

  The convention parliament paid of soldiers and made laws to help ex-soldiers find work

  This led to the army been disbanded in August 1660.
• how was it decided he would be given the benefit of indemnity


  The act of indemnity and oblivion

  Passed by the convention parliament

  Only 33 regicides should be put on trial

  13. Eventually tried and executed.
• what was the Clarendon code?

  Set of laws made by parliament

  Priests expected to conform to rules of restored church

  Stopping Catholics puritans another dissenters for meeting living in towns or working as school teachers