[EPIDEMIOLOGY_LECTURE] Introduction to Causality

• Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.
• Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.
• Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.
• Causality, an event, condition, or characteristic that preceded the outcome or disease event and without which the event either would have not occurred at all or would have not occurred until some later time.
• Causality, an event, condition, or characteristic that preceded the outcome or disease event and without which the event either would have not occurred at all or would have not occurred until some later time.
• "THEORIES OF CAUSATION"

  A factor that causes the problem without any intermediate steps?

  Direct Cause
• "THEORIES OF CAUSATION"

  A factor that may cause the problem but with an intermediate factor or step?

  Indirect Cause
• "THEORIES OF CAUSATION"

  Each of two variables may reciprocally influence the other?

  Bidirectional Causa
• "THEORIES OF CAUSATION"

  It is the causality of infectious disease, and it has 4 rules that establish the causal relationship between an infectious agent and a particular disease?

  Koch's Postulate
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  An organism can be isolated from a host suffering from the disease.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  An organism can be isolated from a host suffering from the disease.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  An organism can be isolated from a host suffering from the disease.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  The organism can be cultured in the laboratory.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  The organism can be cultured in the laboratory.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  The organism causes the same disease when introduced into another host.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  The organism causes the same diseases when introduced into another host.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  The organism can be re-isolated from the host.
• "RULES OF KOCH'S POSTULATES"

  The organism can be re-isolated from the host.
• "THEORIES OF CAUSATION"

  One of the traditional models for depicting disease causation, but is by far the simplest of them all?

  Epidemiologic Triad
• "THEORIES OF CAUSATION"

  It has an interplay of different factors, such as susceptible host, pathogenic agent, and environment?

  Epidemiologic Triad
• "EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD'S INTERPLAY OF DIFFERENT FACTORS"

  Susceptible Host - Pathogenic Agent - Environment
• "EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD'S INTERPLAY OF DIFFERENT FACTORS"

  Susceptible Host - Pathogenic Agent - Environment
• "EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD'S INTERPLAY OF DIFFERENT FACTORS"

  Susceptible Host - Pathogenic Agent - Environment
• "THEORIES OF CAUSATION"

  Sufficient Cause and Necessary Cause?

  Multifactorial Model
• "MULTIFACTORIAL MODEL"

  Sufficient Cause and Necessary Cause
• "MULTIFACTORIAL MODEL"

  Sufficient Cause and Necessary Cause
• "MULTIFACTORIAL MODEL"

  A set of factors whose completion inevitably leads to the outcome?

  Sufficient Cause
• "MULTIFACTORIAL MODEL"

  A factor present in every sufficient cause?

  Necessary Cause
• Necessary, but not Sufficient

  
• Necessary and Sufficient

  
• Sufficient, but not necessary

  
• Neither Sufficient Nor Necessary

  
• Association

  
• "ASSOCIATION"

  Identifiable link between two variables.
• "ASSOCIATION"

  Does not readily imply cause-effect relationship.
• "ASSOCIATION"

  Statistically significant.
• "ASSOCIATION"

  Does not readily imply cause-effect relationship.
• It has identifiable link between to variables, does not readily imply cause-effect relationship, and it is statistically significant. What is it?

  Association
• "EVALUATING CAUSATION"

  It has risk factor, protective factor, and cofounder?

  Investigation of Statistical Association
• "EVALUATING CAUSATION"

  An experimental Study?

  Investigation of Temporal Relationship