Principles of verbal and nonverbal communication.

• Verbal communication


  What we say and how we say it
• Nonverbal communication


  Facial expressions, eye movements, eye contact, spatial behavior, posture, and touch
• Verbal and nonverbal communication are essential components of effective interaction in various contexts, including healthcare settings
• Closed questions


  Elicit specific information
• Open questions


  Encourage free discussion
• Open-to-closed cone or funnel approach

  Start with open-ended questions and gradually narrow down to more specific inquiries
• Certain questioning styles, like asking multiple or leading questions, can hinder communication
• Characteristics of speech


  Tone, pitch, pauses, sighs, and speed
• Characteristics of speech significantly influence the interpretation of meaning, emphasizing the importance of clear and deliberate verbal expression
• Personal space is divided into four zones: intimate space (> 45cm/1.5ft), personal space (45cm/1.5ft - 1.2m/4ft), social space (1.2m/4ft - 3.7m/12ft), public space (3.7m/12ft - 7.6m/25ft)
• Facial expressions


  • Crucial indicators of mood and emotions
• Eye movements and appropriate eye contact

  • Help establish rapport with patients
• Spatial behavior


  Management of personal space divided into intimate, personal, social, and public zones
• Posture


  Reflects interest, social relationships, and attitudes, with good postures characterized by openness, attentiveness, and relaxation
• Mirroring postures after the initial session with a patient can enhance rapport and connection
• Touch


  Aspect of nonverbal communication that holds significance, particularly in comforting distressed patients
• It's essential to consider cultural differences and individual preferences regarding touch to ensure respectful and appropriate communication
• By understanding and applying principles of both verbal and nonverbal communication, healthcare professionals can facilitate effective patient interactions, promote understanding, and enhance the overall quality of care