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Paper 1
Organisation
Blood
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Blood is a
tissue
Red blood cells carry
oxygen
from the
lungs
to all the
cells
in the body.
They are shaped as a
biconcave
disc, this gives them a
large
surface area for absorbing
oxygen
They don't have a
nucleus-
this allows more
room
to carry oxygen
They contain a red pigment called
haemoglobin
In the lungs
haemoglobin
binds to oxygen to become
oxyhaemoglobin.
In body tissues the reverse happens to
release
oxygen into the cells.
White blood cells defend against
infection
Some change
shape
to
engulf
unwelcome microorganisms in a process called
phagocytosis
Others produce
antibodies
to fight microorganisms, as well as
antitoxins
to
neutralise
any toxins produced by the microorganisms
Unlike red blood cells they do have a
nucleus
Platelets
help blood
clot
These are small fragments of cells with no
nucleus
When wounds occur they stop
blood
pouring out and
microorganisms
coming in
Lack of
platelets
can cause excessive
bleeding
and
bruisinh
Plasma
is the liquid that carries everything
It is a
pale
straw-coloured liquid which carries:
Red
and
white
blood cells
Platelets
Nutrients
Carbon dioxide
Urea
from the liver to the kidneys
Hormones
Proteins
Antibodies
and
Antitoxins