Cards (25)

  • DNA is instructions for protein synthesis
  • DNA instructs the synthesis of both structural and functional proteins
  • Each set of 3 bases/ nucleotides codes for 1 amino acid
  • DNA cannot leave the nucleus
  • transcription- the process of making another copy of DNA but in the form of RNA
  • DNA can be made into mRNA to be transported outside the nucleus
  • mRNA- messenger RNA
    tRNA- transfer RNA
    rRNA- ribosomal RNA
  • tRNA has 3 prongs that reads the 3 bases at the same time
  • if the tRNA reads the correct anticodon, it will release the amino acid it is carrying
  • if the tRNA does not read the anticodon that corresponds with its amino acid, it will move on
  • The script codes for the amino acid NOT the mRNA
  • tRNA is looking for the complimentary bases to the amino acid it is carrying
  • A gene is a sequence of 3 nucleotide bases that come together to code for an amino acid
  • 64 different triplet codes exist
  • Most amino acids have more than 1 triplet code
  • STOP codes are the end of the coding for a polypeptide
  • Introns are part of the DNA that is non-coding
  • Exons are part of the DNA that are coding
  • The genetic code is:
    • Degenerate
    • Non-overlapping
    • Universal
  • Diploid- a full set of DNA
  • Haploid- half a set of DNA, found in sperm and egg cells
  • DNA can also exists as plasmids and circular DNA
  • Plasmids are small and circular, found in bacteria
  • Circular DNA can be found in chloroplasts (cpDNA) and mitochondria (mtDNA)
  • mtDNA is always passed down from the mother