exam 4
Cards (23)
- a urinalysis provides clues to the health of an individual
- The color of urin is determined by breakdown products of rbc destruction
- Polyuria is too much urin. sign of diabetes >2.5 liters a day
- Oliguria is dehydration 300-500mL of urin
- Anuria is kidney failure. <50mL a day
- normal urin produtction is 1-2 L a day
- Urethra transports urin from body to outside.
- urethra begins at bladder forming 3 points of a triangular shaped area at base of bladder called a trigone
- Bladder collects urine from both ureters. made of Smooth Muscle called the detrusor muscle. Max capacity is 500-600 mL
- Micturition is term fot urination
- Micturation reflex when bladder reaches 150mL an urge to pee is sensed. Voluntary constraint fails at 300-400mL mark.
- Ureters and kidneys are retroperitoneal behind the peritoneal cavity. Has one way flow of urin
- ureters are approximately 30 cmlong
- the adventia is made of collegen, also have fat. Smooth muscle and lumen
- Kidneys lie on either side of the spine. Protects by muscle fat and ribs. About size of fist, males are slightly larger
- Kidneys are well vascularized. Receiving about 25% cardiac output from the heart.
- Adrenal glands lay ontop of the kidneys
- papillae are bundles of collecting ducts thattransport urine made by nephrons tothe calyces of the kidney for excretion
- The renal columns also serve to divide the kidneyinto 6–8 lobes and provide a supportiveframework for vessels
- renal artery first divides into segmental arteries, followed by further branching to form interlobar arteries that pass through the renal columns to reach the cortex•The interlobar arteries, in turn, branch into arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, and then into afferent arterioles
- afferent arterioles service about 1.3million nephrons in each kidney
- Nephrons only begin at afferent arterioles.
- There are 2.6 million nephrons in the kidneys