Biomolecules of Life

• Carbohydrates - comes from the Greek word “sakcharon” which means sugar. Also know as saccharides. Its primary function is to provide for the body.
• Monosaccharides - building block of complex carbohydrates. Also known as single sugar.
• Glucose - blood sugar
• Galactose - milk sugar.
• Fructose - fruit sugar
• Disaccharides - two monosaccharides are combined.
• Sucrose - also knows as the common sugar, (combination of fructose and glucose)
• Maltose - malt sugar (two glucose molecules)
• Lactose - glucose and galactose. This is also present in cow’s milk for about 4-5%.
• Polysaccharides - most abundant type of carbohydrate.
• starch - is found in plants and is one of the most important part of our diet.
• glycogen - animal starch, abundant in animal and muscle cells.
• cellulose - can only be seen in plants.
• lipids - plays a significant role in the homeostasis of your body, used to store energy, insulation and protection.
• types of lipids

  triglycerides - fats and oils

  waxes

  steroids

  phospolipids
• protein - serves as transport and storage of essential substances. Responsible for coordinating movements and provide mechanical support and protection against diseases
• Nucleic Acid - large chains of biomolecules made up of smaller units called nucleotides.
• DNA and RNA - natural types of nucleic acid