A03

• * large sample was used?

  • in meta-analysis was 2000 babies & their primary att figures
  • reduces impact of anomalous results caused by bad methodology/very unusual participants
  • more likely to be representative sample
  • more data to analyse & apply
  • findings of different att types can be generalised to wider population
• * ethically sound?

  • was no new data collection involved in study
  • no more children had to be put through potentially traumatic s.s procedure
  • credible
  • is more ethical way of studying cultural variations as no primary data being collected so no manipulation
  • ethical guideline of protection from harm not being broken
  • is secondary data meaning it was collected previously by other researchers & no children were distressed as a result
• X issue of imposed etic?

  • test for one culture used in unfamiliar cultures
  • s.s designed by american based on british theory
  • ? population
  • means comparisons between countries may have little meaning
  • difficult to generalise findings from western research to other non western cultures
• X differences within one culture?

  • wrong to think everyone in culture have same practices
  • within culture there are many subcultures with different child rearing techniques
  • may be ethnically/racially based or class specific
  • e.g middle classes may have different techniques to working class
  • upper class traditionally use nannies
  • ? internal
  • does not consider different subcultures/sectors of society that may impact child rearing & att they have
  • means these individual differences may be confounding variables & impact accuracy of results
• X looked at small number of studies?

  • despite large numbers of studies combined in the meta-analysis over half 18/32 were in USA
  • only 5/32 were carried out in collectivist cultures - only 1 in china
  • ? population
  • unrepresentative of att in all cultures
  • findings cannot be generalised to everyone
  • suggests cause & effect relationship cannot be established between att styles & cultural differences in child rearing