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Subdecks (6)
excretion
biology
35 cards
human reproduction
biology
71 cards
blood
biology
12 cards
lymphatic system
biology
6 cards
the heart
biology
20 cards
the skeleton
biology
11 cards
Cards (216)
The
Heart
A
hollow
, muscular organ that pumps
blood
throughout the body.
septum
Separates
Oxygenated
/
Deoxygenated
blood
atria
top
chambers
of the heart
ventricles
bottom
chambers of the
heart
wall of left ventricle
-thicker
than right ventricle
-pumps
blood to all parts of body
tricuspid and bicuspid valves (3/2 flaps)
-located between
atria
and
ventricles
-prevent
backflow
of blood
chordae tendineae
tendons that hold
valves
in place (
heart strings
)
papillary muscle
where
tendons
are attached to
heart
pacemaker
A device that delivers electrical impulses to the
heart
to regulate the
heartbeat
vena cava
Brings
deoxygenated
blood from the body to the
heart
pulmonary vein
brings
oxygenated
blood to heart from
lungs
pulmonary
artery
brings
deoxygenated
blood from heart to the
lungs
aorta
large artery brings
oxygenated
blood from
heart
to all around the body
control of heartbeat
-controlled by
pacemaker
(
SA node
), located in wall of right
atrium
-SA node sends out
electrical signals
that cause the atria to
contract
- signal is pivked up by
AV node
-AV node sends signals causing
ventricles
to
contract
systole
Contraction
of the
heart muscle
diastole
relaxation
of heart muscle
effect of smoking on heart
-nicotine
increases heart rate and blood pressure
-carbon monoxide
reduces the amount of O2 carried by
blood
-other chemicals increase
risk
of
clots
effect of diet on heart
-saturated
fat is linked with
high
cholestrol
-high sodium
intake
raises
blood pressure
effect of exercise on heart
-exercise strengthens
cardiac muscle
-improves
circulation and
reduces
cholestrol
coronary artery
(branched off the aorta)
The artery that supplies heart tissue with
oxygenated
blood
coronary vein
Drains the heart muscle tissue of
deoxygenated
blood and returns it back into the
right atrium.
heart muscle
-composed
if
cardiac
muscle
-contractile
tissue
-does not
fatigue
heart layers (3)
Pericardium
- outside, protection
Myocardium
- Cardiac muscle
Endocardium
- Endothelial cells
Why do we need a circulatory system?
- Removes
waste
products of
metabolism
to excretory organs
- circulates
02
+
Co2
- Delivers
nutrients
to the body's
cells
closed system
The
blood
always remains in the
vessels
-
blood flow
can be controlled
- blood flows at
high pressure
, nutrients reach the cells
quickly
Capillaries
The
vessels
in which material enters and
exits
pulmonary
circuit
carries blood to the
lungs
for
gas exchange
and returns it to the heart
systemic
circuit
Circuit of
blood
that carries
blood
between the heart and the rest of the body.
Arteries
Blood vessels
that carries blood
away
from the heart
Veins
Blood vessels that carry
blood
back to the
heart
What are veins and arteries composed of?
Connective
tissue - collagen + elastic fibres
Muscle
and elastic fibre
Endothelium
- endothelial cells
skeletal muscle
The
blood flow
in veins is helped along by the
squeezing
of the skeletal muscles
Differences between arteries and veins
Arteries have
narrower
lumen.
Veins have larger lumen,
valves
to prevent
backflow
due to low pressure of blood.
portal system
A
blood pathway
that begins and ends in capillaries. E.g. Hepatic portal vein -
intestines- liver
Plasma
yellow liquid
-90
%
water
-plasma
proteins,
clotting
proteins (fibrogen), antibodies, salts
-
55
% of the blood volume
- Most Co2 transported as
hydrogencarbonate
ions
Function of blood plasma
Transport
nutrients
, waste,
Co2
white blood cells (leukocytes)
Contain:
2 types:
Made in:
Function:
Large nucleus
-
Monocytes
-
Lymphocytes
Made in:
Red bone marrow
Function:
fight infection
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Consist of:
Shape:
Adaptions:
Made in:
Function:
No
nucleus
/
mitochondria
Haemoglobin (4+ iron)
Shape:
Biconcave
Large surface area for more rapid
diffusion
of
gases
Flexible
- fit into
narrow
vessels
Made in:
Red
bone marrow, sternum, ribs, breast bone
Function: Transport
O2
Platelets (thrombocytes
)
Function:
Fragments
of cells
Function:
clotting
Monocytes
Phagocytes
- cells that move to
surround
and engulf bacteria or pathogens
Monocytes
->
Macrophages
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