Chapter 14: Toward Civil War

• The Whig Candidate for the presidential election of 1848 was General Zachary Taylor
• The goal of the Missouri Compromise was to make the number of free states and slave states even.
• The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to enter as a free state.
• Southerners made a counter-proposal to the Wilmont Proviso.
• General Zachary Taylor ignored the issue of slavery in the presidential election of 1848.
• The Northerners refused to obey the Fugitive Slave Act
• Stephen A. Douglas intended to support the Fugitive slave act.
• James Polk favored the annexation of Texas
• Fillmore got several Whigs to not vote in subjects they disagreed on.
• John Brown was an abolitionist who was in favor of fighting back with force.
• The main topic in the Lincoln vs Douglass debates was slavery.
• John C. Calhoun's idea on slavery was that Congress couldn't ban slavery or regulate it.
• The Southerners were happy about the Dred Scott tour decision because it ruled he was a slave. It also supported the fact that the Constitution Supported slavery
• Border Ruffians were armed pro-slavery supporters who crossed the border of Missouri to vote.
• The Republican Party received their support from the North.
• Some Northerners said John Brown was a martyr
• Douglas claimed that Lincoln wanted African Americans equal to whites
• The Democratic Party Broke apart because of slavery issues.
• Four candidates ran for president in the 1860's.
• Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 because the North over-populated the south.
• Southerners distrusted Republicans
• The South got the idea to secede from the Union when South Carolina seceded.
• South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union.
• Lincoln disagreed with seceding and said the Union was perpetual.
• The Battle of Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the Civil War.
• President Buchanan said the South had no right to be seceding from the Union.
• Popular Sovereignty: Citizens vote whether a state is a free or slave state.
• New Mexico territory had no restrictions on slavery.
• Fugitive Slave Act: All Americans had to actively help capture and return runaway slaves.
• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the book "Uncle Toms Cabin"
• May 1856, 800 slavery supporters attacked the town of Lawrence, destroying Kansas's capital.
• John Brown retaliated with his sons and killed five men. Kansas was now known as "Bloody Kansas"
• Preston Brooke hit Charles Sumner over the head in the Senate chamber repeatedly with a cane.
• The Free Soilers main goal was to ban slavery from the new territories (the west)
• John C. Fremont is chosen to be the president of the Free-Soilers party.
• Democrats nominate James Buchanan as their president.
• The Know-Nothings nominated Millard Fillmore
• John Brown planned to attack the U.S. Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry and seize the weapons there.
• Local militia and citizens push John Brown and his raiders away, John Brown is sentenced to hang.