final exam

• Sir Daniel Wilson: Studied native people as "windows into pre-historic European past". This represents the mindset of early anthropology.
• Thomas McIlwraith: Provided greater context for the experiences of native peoples experience. Founder of the first Canadian department of anthropology at University of Toronto.
• A.G Bailey: known for his ethnographic work, and the development of American Indian ethno-history.
• The three major influences on Canadian anthropology were American, British, and French
• Colonialism: The oppressive cultural dominance of a people by larger, wealthier powers; best understood as an enduring structure, rather than an historical event.
• Settler-colonialism: The form of colonialism whereby domination is principally asserted by the displacement of Indigenous populations to secure the territory for a new population of settlers.
• Imperialism: A system in which one country controls other, less powerful territories through colonization by military force.
• Capitalism: An economic system dominated by a supply and demand market designed to create capital and profit.
• Modernity: Modernization of technology and ideas.
• Colonization: Everyone was to adopt the practices and world view of western capitalism.
• Political economy: Holistic term that emphasizes the centrality of economy in the organization of society and the use of politics to protect and enhance interest.
• Ultimate link: Connecting all conquered territories with the country of the colonizers.
• Ambiguous: Uncertain or open to interpretation (double meaning)
• Decolonization: the withdrawal of a colonial power from a territory that had been under its control, but did not end ties.
• Neo-colonialism: The persistence of profound social and economic ties. Creation of first, second, third, and fourth worlds.
• cultures are not static but live in their own modernity.
• cultural patterns have been transformed by European colonialism and capitalism
• Transnational corporations have replaced colonial empires
• Evolutionary typologies: Classification system based on generalizations.
• Morgans ethical stages:

  • Savagery
  • Barbarianism
  • Civilization
• Unilineal cultural evolutionism: Stages all societies must go to be regarded as civilized.
• Historical particularism: The study of cultures in their own historical contexts; affirms that cultures develop along their own paths
• Band: A form of social organization that consists of a small group of foragers (fewer than 50 people), in which labour is divided according to age, sex, and social relations are highly egalitarian.
• Perception: The processes by which people organize and experience information that is primarily of sensory origin.
• Perceptions through thoughts (reasoning, logic) and feelings (passion, intuition)
• Schemas: Patterned, repetitive experiences that are shaped and easily understood by members of a culture. Framework for understanding.
• Prototype: Examples of a typical instance, element, relation, or experience within a culturally relevant semantic domain.
• Schema: Christmas

  Prototype: Christmas tree, santa, cards
• Cognition: The mental process by which human beings gain knowledge, and the connection of relations between the mind at work and the world it works in.
• Taxonomies: Hierarchial systems that sort groups of things that share at least one quality into subgroups that share a greater number of qualities.
• Elementary cognitive process: Mental tasks common to all humans without intellectual cognitive impairment.
• Functional cognitive systems: Culturally linked sets of cognitive processes that guide perception, conception, reason, and emotion.
• Emotion: Product of entanglements (context, interpretations...) connecting bodily arousal and cognitive interpretation.
• Socialization: The general process of acquiring culture
• Enculturation: The process of being socialized into a particular culture
• Motivation: The inner impulse to set (or accept) and accomplish goals.
• Personality: The relative integration of an individual's perceptions, motives, cognitions, and behaviour within a socio-cultural matrix.
• Norms: Rules (unwritten) for behavior assumed to be typical within a social or cultural group.
• Sex: Biological distinction based on morphological sex
• Gender: The culturally constructed beliefs and behaviours appropriate for sexes.