High metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, restlessness, hyperactivity, weight loss, protruding eyes, goiter
Graves disease
Autoantibodies (against self) bind TSH receptors on thyroid cell membranes, mimicking action of TSH, overstimulating gland (hyperthyroidism); exopthalmia (protrusion of the eyes and goiter)
Hashimoto disease
Autoantibodies (against self) attack thyroid cells, resulting in hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (infantile)
1. Cretinism-stunted growth
2. Abnormal bone formation
3. Mental retardation
4. Low body temperature
5. Sluggishness
Hypothyroidism (adult)
1. Myxedema-low metabolic rate
2. Sensitivity to cold
3. Sluggishness
4. Poor appetite
5. Swollen tissues
6. Mental dullness
Simple goiter
Deficiency of thyroid hormones due to iodine deficiency; because no thyroid hormones inhibit pituitary release of TSH, thyroid is overstimulated and enlarges but functions below normal (hypothyroidism)
