Cell Division: Mitosis

• Cell cycle: results in duplicating contents and 2 daughter cells
• Interphase: PROLONGED interval comprising different phases where the cell size and its contents increased
• Interphase: all of the necessary materials are collected
• What are the stages of Interphase?

  G0, G1, G2, and S
• Which stages of interphase is the longest?

  G1 phase
• During which stage do cells INCREASE SLIGHTLY in size?

  G1 phase
• 25 hours: time interval of G1 phase
• During which stage of the Interphase does the DNA replicate?

  S phase
• 8 hours: time interval for the S phase
• At which phase of interphase does the cell PREPARE to divide?

  G2 phase
• 2.5 to 3 hours: time interval for G2 phase
• Prophase: centrosomes move to opposite poles, the nuclear envelope disappears by fragmentation, and the chromosomes condense and become visible.
• Each chromosome consists of two whats?

  chromatids
• The two chromatids is joined by what?

  centromere
• Metaphase: chromosomes have become aligned at the equatorial plate as a result of their attachments to the dynamic microtubules of the mitotic spindle organized by the centrosomes
• The spindle consists of what? (3)

  kinetochore microtubules, polar microtubules, and shorter astral microtubules
• Polar microtubules: interdigitate near the equatorial plate
• Shorter astral microtubules: anchors the spindle to the cell membrane
• Anaphase: kinetochores separate and the chromatids (now called chromosomes themselves) are pulled on their microtubules toward each centrosome
• Telophase: cell pinches itself in two by contraction of the F-actin bundle in the cell cortex, after which the chromosomes decondense, transcription resumes, nucleoli reappear, and the nuclear lamina and nuclear envelope reassemble