CHEM ACIDS AND BASES

• Acids


  Substances that contain hydrogen ion [H+] and dissociates in water to yield hydronium ion or hydrogen ion
• Bases


  Substances that contain the hydroxyl group [OH-] and dissociates in water to yield [OH-] ion
• Bases


  • NaOH(aq)
  • KOH
  • Mg(OH)2
  • Al(OH)3
  • NH4OH
• Salts


  Ionic compounds that result from the reaction of an acid and base
• Formation of salts


  1. HCl + NaOH → HOH + NaCl

  2. H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2→ 2HOH + MgSO4
• Uses of HCl


  • Gastric juice in the stomach used as enzyme for digesting food
  • Muriatic acid for toilet bowl cleaner
  • Removes rust and paint from metals and concrete
• Uses of H2SO4


  • Acid found in automobile batteries
  • Dehydrating agent
• Uses of CH3COOH/HOAc


  • The acid in vinegar
  • As seasoning and preserving food
• Uses of C6H8O7


  • The acid in citrus fruits
  • In flavoring carbonated drinks
• Uses of H2CO3


  • Acid found in carbonated drinks
• Uses of NaOH


  • Soap manufacture and paper production
  • As drain cleaner
• Uses of KOH


  • To dissolve grease and hair in clogged drains
• Uses of Mg(OH)2


  • Used as antacid (small amounts)
  • Used as laxative (large amount)
• Uses of Al(OH)3


  • Used as antacid with no dosage restriction
• Uses of NH4OH


  • 2% ammonia used to revive patients who have fainted
  • Production of fertilizers
• Properties of Acids


  • Has a sour taste
  • Has an irritating, burning sensation or hot
  • Turns blue litmus paper into red
  • Neutralizes the base
  • Reacts with active metals to produce hydrogen gas
  • Colorless with phenolphthalein indicator
  • Pink with methyl orange
  • Has a pH of less than 7
• Properties of Bases


  • Has a bitter taste
  • Has a slippery or soapy feeling
  • Turns red litmus paper to blue
  • Neutralizes the acids
  • Reacts with acids to form salt and water
  • Pink with phenolphthalein indicator
  • Yellow with methyl orange indicator
  • Has a pH of more than 7