Q4 M1 Science

• • Esophagus - It transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
• • Gall Bladder - stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine
• • Large intestine - it absorbs water and salts from the materials that hasn't been digested.
• • Liver - produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine. Largest organ in the body.
• • Mouth - It is the opening through which all food enters the body.
• Pancreas - Produces enzymes needed for digestion, also produce insulin and glucagon.
• Salivary glands - secretes saliva containing amylase (enzyme) which begins the process of breaking down carbohydrates.
• • Small Intestine - where most of the absorption occurs. It is the site for final digestion and absorption.
• Stomach - mixes food with gastric juices to form chyme. The stomach has three layers of muscle called the muscularis externa.
• • Large intestine - absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food.
• Rectum - stores fecal matter until it can be eliminated
• Anus - opens into the outside world
• 1. Emulsification - Fats are broken into tiny droplets
• 2. Propulsion - When you swallow a food through the digestive tract. It includes swallowing and peristalsis.
• 3. Mechanical digestion - That breaks down food into smaller size or physical size. Mechanical digestion in the mouth is called chewing.
• 4. Chemical digestion - Involves the breakdown of complex food molecules into their simplest form ( building blocks ) with the help of enzymes.
• 5. Absorption The movement of digested food molecules from the small intestine into the bloodstream or lymph.
• 6. Assimilation - The movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used.
• 7. Defecation or egestion - the removal of waste from the body as feces.
• • Parts of large intestine: transverse colon, ascending colon, appendix, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
• • Enumeration of Process of digestive system:
  • Emulsification
  • Propulsion
  • Mechanical
  • Chemical
  • Absorption
  • Assimilation
  • Defecation or egestion
• nucleus. This is the control center of the cell. It contains the genetic material organized into chromosomes, that carry the DNA, or the hereditary materials that can be passed on from parent to offspring.
• Chromosomes are composed of five parts namely: centromere, chromatid, kinetochore, telomerase, and the upper part p arm and lower part q arm.
• • Gap 1 or G1 is the site of first growth after cell division
• • Synthesis or S where the DNA is copied or replicated
• • Gap 2 or G2 it occurs after DNA has been copied and the cell will continue to grow and produce new proteins
• 1. Prophase this is the beginning after interphase where chromatin condenses, and the nucleolus disappears.
• 2. Metaphase the chromosomes line up at the center or the metaphase plate.
• 3. Anaphase the chromosomes break at centromeres and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell.
• 4. Telophase the cells form two nuclei and finally, the cells begin to split into two.