General

• Describe metallic bonding 


  Metallic bonding involves the forces of attraction between free moving (delocalised) electrons and positive metal ions.
• What is the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when magenisum burns in oxygen?

  2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO
• 
  

  Write the chemical equation when magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 is heated strongly. What type of reaction is this?

  2Mg(NO3)2 -> 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2

  A thermal decomposition reaction.
• Name some compounds of magnesium that form magenisum oxide when heated?
• Name some compounds of magneisum that form magnesium oxide when heated?


  Magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium nitrate.
• Name one ore that produces sulfur dioxide?


  Zinc blende
• How do you calculate the percentage mass of a compound?

  (Mass of element / molar mass of compound) x 100
• Calculate the percentge by mass of sulfur trioxide SO3

  32 + 16 (/3) = 80

  • 32/80 (x100) = 40%
• State two differences between boiling an evaporation

  1. Boiling happens at a specific temp.
  2. Boiling has bubbles
• Name the process when a solid substance mixes with a solvent to form a solution.

  Dissolving.
• State the colour of methyl orange in sulfuric acid

  Pink/red
• What is the relative mass and relative charge of a proton?

  Proton: Relative mass = 1, Relative charge = +1
• What is the relative mass and relative charge of a neutron?

  Relative mass: 1 Relative charge: 0
• What is the relative charge of an electron?

  -1
• What would happen to the equilibirum of a reaction if there were fewer moles of gas on the left, and the pressure was increased?

  Shifts to the right to favour the side with fewer molecules
• What happens to equilbirum if temperature is increased?


  Favours the exothermic reaction.
• What is metallic bonding?


  Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons.
• Why is copper ised for wires, as opposed to other transition elements?

  It is unreactive.
• What solution is formed when potassium reacts with water?

  Potassium hydroxide (pH of 7-14 due to presence oh OH- so hydroxide ions, which make it alkali).
• What temperature and pressure is used in the Haber process?

  45O Degrees Celsius and a pressure of 200 atm
• Write the equation for the reaction that occurs in the haber process.


  N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3
• How do you change from cm^3 to dm^3

  Divide by 1ooo to get from cm to dm, or vice versa
• acid + metal


  salt + hydrogen
• acid + base


  salt + water
• acid + metal carbonate


  salt+water+ carbon dioxide
• All three of these above reactions are neutralisation reactions
• Salts produced depend on the acid used


  • Hydrochloric acid produces chlorides
  • Nitric acid produces nitrates
  • Sulfuric acid produces sulfates
• The salt produced also depends on the positive ions in the base, alkali or carbonate i.e. the metal
• Red litmus


  • Stays red in acidic
  • Stays red in neutral
  • Turns blue in alkaline
• Blue litmus


  • Turns red in acidic
  • Stays blue in neutral
  • Stays blue in alkaline
• Methyl orange


  • Red in acidic
  • Yellow in neutral
  • Yellow in alkaline
• Acid


  Proton donor
• Base


  Proton acceptor
• Acid + ammonia


  ammonium salt
• Effect of acid + ammonia is going from alkaline to neutral (assuming that you start with the base or ammonia then add the acid)
• Methyl orange


  Stays yellow
• Red litmus


  Blue to red
• Blue litmus


  Stays blue
• Weak acids


  Partially dissociate to release H+ ions in aqueous solution
• Strong acids


  Completely dissociate to release H+ ions in aqueous solution