Lithology

• What is a strata?:

  • Strata are layers of rocks
• What is a strata?

  a strata are layers of rocks
• What are bedding planes:

  • They are the horizontal natural gaps created during periods of rock formation
• What are bedding planes?

  • They are the horizontal natural gaps created during periods of rock formation
• What are joints:

  • Joints are vertical fractures caused by wither by contraction as sediment dries out
• What are joints?

  • Joints are vertical fractures caused by wither by contraction as sediment dries out
• Jointing increases erosion rates by creating cracks which marine erosion processes such as hydraulic action can exploit. 
• What does jointing increase the rate of?

  erosion
• What process increases the rate of erosion in joints?

  hydraulic action
• Folds are bends in rocks. They are produced by sedimentary rock layers being squeezed by tectonic forces. 
• What are folds?

  Folds are bends in rocks. They are produced by sedimentary rock layers being squeezed by tectonic forces. 
• Folded rock is often more heavily fissured and jointed, meaning they are more easily eroded. 
• What is folded rock more prone to?

  erosion
• Faults are major fractures in rock created by tectonic forces
• Folded rock are more heavily what?

  fissured
• either side of the fault line, rocks are often heavily fractured and broken, which is easily exploited by marine erosion.
• In either side of the fault line rocks are what?

  heavily fractured and broken
• Due to rocks being heavily fractured and broken what is likely to occur?

  erosion
• Horizontal dip produces a cliff with vertical, or near-vertical profile
• What is a horizontal dip?

  Horizontal dip produces a cliff with vertical, or near-vertical profile
• Horizontal dip has a weak strata with a notch increasing the amount of erosion
• What does a horizontal dip have?

  weak strata with a notch
• A high angle seaward dip has a sloping profile making it more prone to sliding
• What are high angle seaward dip more prone to?

  sliding
• Why is a high angle seaward dip prone to sliding?

  it has a sloping profile
• A low angle seaward dip produces a steep profile exceeding 90 degrees this creates overhanging rock more prone to rock falls
• What type of profile does a low angle seaward dip have?

  steep
• What angle does a low angle seaward dip exceed?

  90 degrees
• What does a steep profile exceeding 90 degrees create?

  overhanging rock
• What is overhanging rock more prone to?

  rockfalls
• Landward dip has a stable cliff with reduced rock falls