2-3

• Microcontroller


  A small computer (SoC) on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and a programmable input/output peripherals
• Microcontroller


  • Serves as the brain of our robot
  • Sends the information programmed so different robotics parts can function
• Parts of an Arduino microcontroller

  • Power IN (Barrel Jack)
  • Power IN (USB Port)
  • LED (RX: Receiving)
  • LED (TX: Transmitting)
  • LED (Troubleshooting)
  • Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground)
  • LED (ON/OFF)
  • Reset Button
  • Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power Out, Reset)
• Power IN (Barrel Jack)


  Can be used with either a 9v or 12v supply
• Power IN (USB Port)


  Provides power and communicates with the board when plugged into a computer via USB
• LED (RX: Receiving)


  Blinks when receiving data
• LED (TX: Transmitting)


  Blinks when transmitting data
• LED (Troubleshooting)


  Blinks when the program is running properly
• Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground)

  • Pin 0 – 13
  • Analog Output Pins / PWM Pins
  • Pin ~3, ~5, ~6, ~9, ~10, and ~11
• LED (ON/OFF)


  Indicates if there is power
• Reset Button


  Manually resets the Arduino that makes your code restarts
• Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power Out, Reset)


  • Pin A0 – A5
  • Power Pin
  • Reset
  • +3.3v
  • 5v
  • Ground
• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5v
• Input Voltage (Recommended): 7 – 12v
• Input Voltage (limits): 6 – 20v
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

  
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40mA
• DC Current for 3.3v Pin: 50mA
• Flash Memory: 32kb (ATmega328)
• SRAM: 2kb (ATmega328)
• EEPROM: 1kb (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed: 16MHz
• Flash memory


  A type of nonvolatile memory that erases data in units called blocks and rewrites data at the byte level. Flash memory is widely used for storage and data transfer in consumer devices, enterprise systems and industrial applications.
• I/O Pins


  Input/output pins
• PWM


  Pulse Width Modulation is a technique for getting analog results with digital means
• EEPROM


  Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory - The microcontrollers used on most of the Arduino boards have either 512, 1024 or 4096 bytes of EEPROM memory built into the chip. This memory is non-volatile, which means that the data doesn't get erased when the board loses power
• SRAM


  Static Random Access Memory, a type of RAM which uses a flip-flop to store 1-bit of data. The other type of RAM is called DRAM or Dynamic Random Access Memory, which uses a capacitor to store the data.
• Arduino IDE: Toolbar Button

  • Verify / Compile
  • Upload
  • Upload Using Programmer
  • Export Compiled Binary
  • Show Sketch Folder
  • Include Library
  • Add File
• Verify / Compile


  Checks your sketch for errors compiling it; It will report memory usage for code and variables in the console area
• Upload


  Compiles and loads the binary file onto the configured board through the configured port
• Upload Using Programmer


  This will overwrite the bootloader on the board; You will need the Tools>Burn Bootloader to restore it and be able to Upload to USB serial port again
• Export Compiled Binary


  Saves a .hex file that maybe kept as archive or sent to the board using other tools
• Show Sketch Folder


  Opens the current sketch folder
• Include Library


  Adds a library to your sketch by inserting #include statements at the start of your code
• Add File


  Adds a source file to the sketch (it will be copied from its current location)