Strong and weak acids

• strength of a weak acid is dependent on some hydrogens ionizing only partially from some molecules


  moderate k value = weak acid
• strength of a weak acid is dependent on some hydrogen ionizing completely from the molecule


  very large k = strong acid
• strong acids have a very large___ value


  Ka

  strong acids donate practically all their hydrogen atoms

  near 100% ionization of acid molecules occur in water = strong electrolyte
• Strong acids

  dissociate completely
• Weak acids

  some molecules are dissociated others are equilibrium
• How does polar bonds relate with acidiity

  the more polar the bond between H and an atom = the more acidic
• Acidity increases from ____ to __ on the periodic table

  left to right (becoming more polar)
• Acidity increases down a

  group (weaker bond)
• Atoms get ______ in successive periods to ________ more electrons

  atoms get LARGER in successive periods to accommodate more electrons
• As the ____ of the bond ____ the strength of the bond ____

  As the length of the bond increases the strength of the bond decreases
• The more electronegative y is the more ______ the H-O bond in the acid


  the more electronegative y is the more polarized the h-o bond is in the acid
• The more _____ the H-O bond, the more likely to __________

  The more polarized the H-O bond, the more likely it donates the H+
• The more _______y is the more acidic the ______

  the more electronegative y is the more acidic the acid
• The more ______ attached to y the strong the oxyacid is

  the more oxygen attached to the y the strong the oxyacid
• the more oxygen attached to the y will

  further polarize the H-O bond

  More likely to donate the H+

  HClO3 > HClO2
• Acids and bases are

  electrolytes
• Strong Acids/ Bases totally___ in water

  strong acids and bases totally dissociate in water creating MORE ions
• weak acids/ bases partially ____ in water

  Weak acids and bases partially dissociate in water creating LESS ions
• Strength in (strong and weak acids and bases) indicates what

  strength indicates the degree of dissociation or fraction (%) dissociates
• a strong STRENGTH of a acid or base

  complete or near complete ionization
• a weak STRENGTH of a acid or base

  indicates incomplete ionization
• strong acid = ___ ____

  strong aid = strong electrolyte
• weak acid = ______ _____

  Weak acid = weak electrolyte
• Strong Acid = Strong electrolyte


  complete or near complete ionization of the acid molecular in water
• How is a strong acids conjugate base

  strong acid has a weak conjugate base
• Weak Acid = Weak Eelctrolyte


  only a small percentage or partial ionization of the acid molecular in water

  at equilibrium is established and acidity is determining K
• How is a weak acid's conjugate base

  Weak acid has a strong conjugate base
• Strong base = ___ _____

  Strong base = Strong electrolyte
• Weak Base = ____ ____

  Weak Base = Weak Electrolyte
• Strong base = strong electrolyte


  complete or near complete ionization of the base molecule in water

  produces OH- ions either through ionization or reaction with water
• Strong base produces what kind of conjugate

  strong base produces a weak conjugate acid
• Weak base = weak electrolyte


  only a small percentage or partial ionization of the base molecule in water disassociates

  Produces OH- ions either through ionization or reaction with water

  An equilibrium is established and basic acidity is determined by k
• What kind conjugate does a weak base create

  a weak base creates a strong conjugate acid
• Acid and base ionization constants Ka and Kp

  the strength of acid and base is measured by the size of the equilibrium constant when it reacts with h2o
• The equilibrium constant is called acid ionization constant ka where


  larger the ka value the stronger the acid
• The base strength is measured by the size of the


  base ionization constant kb,

  larger the kb value the stronger the base
• what is the ion product of water Kw

  Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0x10-14 at 25 degrees c
• species that can behave as either a bronzed acid or base is called

  Amphoteric
• because kw is a constant [h30] and [OH] are

  inversely proportional if one increases the other must decrease
• Leveling effect

  the strength of an acid is effected by the basicity of the solvent and the strength of a base is determined by the acidity of the solvent