acids and alkalis

• Acid


  A chemical that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution
• Base


  A chemical that can neutralize acids, producing a salt and water
• Alkali


  A soluble base that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution
• Acid in aqueous solution

  1. Produces hydrogen ions (H+)

  2. Produces chloride ions (Cl-)

  3. Produces sulfate ions (SO4^2-)

  4. Produces nitrate ions (NO3-)
• Base


  Usually a metal oxide or metal hydroxide
• Alkali in aqueous solution

  1. Produces hydroxide ions (OH-)

  2. Produces sodium ions (Na+)
• pH scale


  Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
• Determining pH


  • pH probe (electronic)
  • Universal indicator (colour change)
• Neutralization reaction


  Acid (H+) + Alkali (OH-) → Water (H2O)