RAW

• is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner.

  discourse
• The term discourse comes from the word discursus. In medieval Latin, it means “argument,” and in late Latin, it means “conversation.”
• this piece of writing states a writer's opinion about the good and the bad parts of another piece of writing or a work of art.

  critique
• The beliefs, customs, attitudes, language, and other things that define culture may influence the author’s perspective on several issues.

  culture
• The author’s physical surroundings and social relationships, as

  well as the culture of the time may have influenced his or her

  writing.

  social environment
• Personal accounts or firsthand experience of events, though subjective, establish credibility and reliability of information presented in any discourse.

  experiences
• how an academic paper is put together from paragraph to paragraph so that the thesis and evidence for it are presented in a way that makes sense and is easy to follow.

  pattern of development
• is a way to tell a story by putting events in a logical order.

  narration
• A series of detailed observations about the subject can help you create a

  good descriptive paragraph. This involves the use of adjectives and adverbs in the paragraph.

  description
• provide concise but exact meanings of unfamiliar words and explain

  special meanings for familiar words.

  definition
• refers to the literal definition of a word – the concept to which it refers (or the ‘dictionary’ definition of a word).

  denotation
• is the most common and effective pattern to explain an idea or point.

  exemplification
• is used when a writer needs to sort out or arrange subjects to groups or categories based on their common and shared characteristics.

  classification
• then analyzes two subjects comparing them, contrasting them, or both. However, its purpose is not to simply state the obvious but rather to illustrate subtle differences or unexpected similarities between two subjects.

  comparison and contrast
• is a text development pattern which explains why something happens

  cause and effect
• essay presents a problem, usually discussing several aspects of the problem, then concludes by discussing solutions to the problem.

  problem and solution
• It is a text that can be in the form of an argument, discussion, exposition, review or even an advertisement.

  persuasive
• The connection and organization of ideas in a text to create unity.

  coherence
• unifying ideas by binding words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs, thus,

  show relationships and smooth “text flow”

  cohesion
• synonymous to belief, argument, assertion, or stand.

  claims
• who said that "a good claim should be argumentative and debatable,

  specific and focused, interesting and engaging, and logical."

  Tiongson 2016-2021
• It is directly stated in the text. It is when you can easily point out the

  information in the passage.

  explicit claim
• It is indirectly expressed in the text and you need to look for clues or make

  inferences to understand its meaning.

  implicit claim
• This claim is a statement that reports, describes predicts, makes causal

  claims, or whether something is a settled fact.

  claim of fact
• This claim can also be called claim of solution because it suggests and supports policies and solutions, and the action to be taken is based on the

  results.

  claim of policy
• It is an argument based on morality, belief, ethics, or philosophy.

  claim of value
• such discourse provides a descriptive and comprehensive discussion on the topic. It points out what one should know about a topic or subject, this discourse aims to?

  to inform
• A discourse that aims to? when it tries to convince the readers that the proposed claim or solution is better than any other proposal.

  to persuade
• A discourse that aims to amuse provides a source of entertainment for its readers.

  to entertain
• Analyzing a discourse is usually?

  contextual
• The focus of an objective description is on the thing being described, not on the writer's feelings, thoughts, or personal reactions to it.

  objective
• shows how a writer feels about the subject and uses more descriptive and richer language than objective description.

  subjective
• It should depend on how formal the situation is and how the writer

  and the reader are related to one another.

  Formality of the language
• Specialized language used by groups of individuals in the same field, should only be used if the target readers belong to the same group.

  Use of jargons
• Refrain from using slang and idiomatic expressions if necessary to avoid

  misinterpretation of text.

  Avoid slangs and idioms
• Examples of which are “vertically challenged” for someone who is short;

  “passed away” instead of died, and other deceitful languages.

  Avoid euphemisms
• Avoid using any biased language including those associated with any racial, ethnic, group, or gender.

  Biased language