BIOLOGY MOCK AS 2 2023 QUESTIONS

• Name 2 biological molecules that can be coded for a gene:

  • RRNA
  • TRNA
• Suggest how the structure of Rough ER is diff to smooth ER and how this is related to function:

  • less phospholipids in rough
  • more protein in rough as produces transport proteins
  • more phospholipid in smooth as produces lipids
• Catalysis the synthesis of APT:

  • active site complimentary to ADP+PI , ES complex formed
• Allows the movement of H ions:

  • channel in membrane
  • allows facilitated diffusion of H
• GOS are polymers of galactose. Explain why GOS are described as a polysaccharide :

  • galactose is a monomer
  • Polysaccharide is a carbohydrate monomer
• 2 structural difference between GOS (polysaccharide) and lactose:

  • lactose = alpha glucose, not in GOS
  • lactose = diasaccharide, GOS is polysaccharide
• Why amylase produced in the human digestive system doesn’t digest GOS:

  • active site only complimentary to starch
  • due to tertiary structure
• How GOS can work as pre biotic:

  • provides galactose
  • bacteria use it for respiration
  • and binary fission
• Name the blood vessel that controls blood flow to muscle:

  • arteriole = widens lumen of blood vessel, relaxing it. Allowing more blood flow
• Hydrolysis reactions involved in digestion of triglyceride;

  • breaking ester bonds
  • addition of water
• 2 function of bile salt:

  • emulsify lipids
  • forms micelles
• Prophase = chromosomes condense
• Metaphase = chromosomes attached to spindle
• Consequence of toms blood:

  • canr donate
  • less blood collected
  • Toms anxiety
• Consequence for Lucy blood:

  • gives blood when not safe for her
  • blood might not help ppl
  • low haemoglobin goes untreated
• How they collect data for reliable mean:

  • random sample
  • large sample size
• Similarity and diff between structure of DNA and RNA:

  • similarities = polymer of nucleotides, Pentose, nitrogen base, CAG bases, phosphodiester bond
  • differences = deoxyribose vs ribose, thymine vs uracil, long vs short, double vs single strand
• Similarity and Difference between structure of chloroplast and mitochondria:

  • similar = double membrane, circular dna, ribosomes
  • diff= pigment vs none, stoma vs matrix