Chapter 21: Skin and Eye Infections

• What are the two mains layers of the skin?

  Epidermis and dermis
• What type of barrier is the skin?

  Mechanical and physical
• Both sweat and sebum can inhibit microbial growth, but also contribute to it. Why is that?


  Moisture and sebum can feed bacteria which ferments, making skin more acidic. This can inhibit the bacterial growth.
• Layers of skin (Superficial to deep)


  epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)
• What does penicillin prevent?

  Penicillin prevents cross linking
• Skin microbiota


  Different parts of body have different compositions that make up the normal healthy microbiome
• Abscess


  Vocalized collection of pus
• Bulla


  Fluid-filled blister no more than 5 mm in diameter
• Carbuncle


  deep, pus-filled abscess generally formed from multiple furuncles
• Crust


  Dried fluids from a lesion on the surface of the skin
• Cyst


  Encapsulated sac filled with fluid, semi-solid matter, or gas, typically located just below the upper layers of skin
• Folliculitis


  A localized rash due to inflammation of hair follicles
• Furuncle


  Pus filled abscess due to infection of a hair follicle
• Macules


  Smooth spots of discoloration of the skin
• Papules


  Small raised bumps on the skin
• Pseudocyst


  Lesion that resembles a cyst but with a less defined boundary
• purulent


  pus-producing; suppurative
• Pustules


  Fluid or pus filled bumps on the skin
• Pyoderma


  Any suppurative infection of the skin
• Suppurative


  Producing pus; purulent
• Ulcer


  Break in the skin; open sore
• Vesicle


  Small, fluid filled lesion
• Wheal


  Swollen, inflamed skin that itches or burns such as from an insect bite
• Acne


  Bacterial infection of the skin that manifests as a rash of inflamed hair follicles

  *folliculitis
• Types of skin lesions:

  crust, cyst, macule, papule, pustule, ulcer, vesicle, wheal
• How does lysozyme work?

  Digests bas particles out of the eye by watering which flushes the eye.
• conjuctiva


  Surfaces of the eyeball and inner eyelid are special mucous membranes
• Vitreous humor


  Watery material inside the eyeball
• What happens if the duct of the eye is blocked?

  If you block the duct you are more susceptible to more eye infections
• Iris


  a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

  *this controls the amount of light that is let in
• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)


  Inflammation of the conjunctiva and has many causes; can be acute or chronic

  *bacterial, viral, fungal, or physical irritation
• Blepharitis


  Inflammation of the eyelid
• Keratitis


  Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva
• Dacryocystitis


  inflammation of the lacrimal sac
• Acute purulent conjunctivitis


  conjunctivitis with purulent discharge
• Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis


  involves subconjunctival hemorrhages
• Acute ulcerative blepharitis


  Infection involving eyelids; pustules and ulcers may develop
• Follicular conjunctivitis


  Inflammation of the conjunctiva with nodules
• Dacryocystitis


  Inflammation of the lacrimal sac often associated with a plugged nasolacrimal duct
• Nonulcerative Blepharitis


  Inflammation irritation redness of the eyelids without ulceration