Control, punishment and victims

• Victims of crime= repeat victimisation 4% of the population are victims of 40% of crime a year. Mawby+Walklate say powerless are more likely to be victimized
• Punishment= 2/3 prisoners re-offend. Reduction punishment (instrumental) retribution (expressive). Garland, the UK is moving to an era of mass incarceration a result of 0 tolerance policing
• Surveillance= Norris, says CCTV just leaves to displacement.
• Crime prevention= with social and community prevention, long term strategies, for ever dollar spent on crime prevention $17 is saved in state costs