procedures

• point :)

  raine had a high level of standardisation in his research.
• example:)

  all NGRI's were matched with a control, no participants were on medication, and everyone completed the same CPT, to ensure everyone was concentrating on the same thing, meaning they should all have similar types of brain activity.
• explain :)

  such high levels of control makes it easier to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables, and it means that research can be easily replicated by others.
• link :)

  therefore, if the findings can be proved to be replicable and consistent, the reliability of the research increases, making it a more valued and trusted piece of research. The validity of the research can also be considered over time.
• point :(

  Raine only included murderers in the study.
• example :(

  Raine's procedures may be valuable for research into murderer's brains, but it doesn't give much insight into criminals in general. Crime is a problem for many societies, so it may have been more useful to investigate the biology of a range of criminals.
• explain :(

  many violent crimes don't include murder, e.g. robbery, so the conclusions are restricted to a very specific group of individuals, as NGRI'S are unusual, atypical offenders also.
• link :(

  it may have been more beneficial to look at how the brains of non-violent criminals compare to violent criminals.