Paper 1 practicals

• Making salts

  1. wear safety goggles and add sulfuric acid to conical flask (sulphuric acid is corrosive)
  2. Add excess copper oxide to flask and gently heat over Bunsen burner whilst stirring solution until no more copper oxide will react
  3. let solution cool then remove copper oxide using a funnel/filter paper by filtration
  4. Pour the rest of conical flask into an evaporating basin
  5. heat this on a tripod and gauze on top of a beaker half filler with water
  6. stop when crystals form
  7. Leave overnight then remove crystals and dry
• Titration

  1. Wear safety goggles and add hydrochloric acid A with a pipette and pipette filler into conical flask
  2. safely fill burette with sodium hydroxide solution and add a few drops of indication to it
  3. Slowly add alkali drop by drop and swirl flask
  4. look for colour change, as soon as it does, record volume of alkali added from the burette
  5. repeat with hydrochloric acid B
  6. if same volume of alkali is used the two acids are the same concentration
• Electrolysis


  1. Wear safety goggles, add sodium sulfate solution to beaker and connect two electrodes (do not touch each other) to power supply
  2. fill two small test tubes with sodium sulfate and position a test tube over each electrode
  3. turn on power supply and observe what happens at each electrode
  4. Any gases produced will be collected by test tubes and can be tested
  5. hydrogen gas forms at negative electrode (Cathode)
  6. oxygen gas forms at positive electrode (Anode)
• Negative electrode


  Cathode
• Positive electrode


  Anode