Musculoskeletal System

• It is made out of bones, muscles, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and connective tissue
• Function: supporting body, allow motion, and protect vital organs
• Bone tissue physical description: compact tissue (harder outer layer) and cancellous tissue (spongy inner layer)
• Bone tissue function: gives strength and structure to bones
• Ligaments physical description: fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
• Ligaments function: holds structures together and keeps them stable
• Cartilage physical description: strong, flexible connective tissue that provides support and protection to the joints
• Cartilage function: protects joints and bones, cartilage at the end of bones reduces friction and prevents them from rubbing together
• Types of connective tissue: bone, ligaments, and cartilage
• Physical structure of muscle tissue: made of cells that have special ability to shorten or contract to produce movement, and highly cellular and well supplied with blood vessels.
• Proteins are important in muscle tissue because they are directly involved in muscle's ability to contract and relax, repair damaged tissue, and produce energy.
• Muscles contract when nervous system generates a signal, a process by which muscle fibers shorten to generate force, tightening, shortening, or lengthening of muscles during an activity.
• Skeletal muscle controls movement and posture, and smooth muscle helps with digestion and getting rid of body toxins.
• Smooth muscle is in the walls of hallow visceral organs (livers, pancreas, and intestines)
• Skeletal muscles are tongue, diaphragm, eye socket, and upper esophagus.
• Tendon moves bone or structure while ligament is a connective tissue that attaches bone to bone and holds structures together.
• Muscles work in opposing pairs when one muscle contracts to move body part and other contracts to return part to original position.