CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS

• PLANT CLASSIFICATION

  • In order to study the billions of different organisms living on Earth, scientists have sorted and classified them based on their similarities and differences.
  • This system of classification is also called Taxonomy, and usually features both English and Latin names for different divisions.
  • It is always best to specify the exact plant you want by the scientific name.
  • It is also important for people in the commercial plant and nursery business to know both scientific and common names as they become confusing.
• Theophrastus: 370 - 285 B.C.


  A Greek philosopher and naturalist and is often called the "Father of Botany"

  He was a pupil of Aristotle and was the first person to publish a classification of plants.

  1. Enquiry into Plants
  2. On the Causes of Plants
• Theophrastus classified plants based on form:

  • Herbs, Shrubs, Trees
  • Annuals, Biennials, Perennials
• Herbs are "Fragrant leaves" or other parts of certain parts.

  Herbs are called "Damong-gamot" in the Philippines. 

  Examples: Mint, Basil, Oregano, Parsley, Kinchay, Spinach baby leaf.
• Shrubs


  A type of plant that typically have multiple woody stems and are smaller than trees.

  Examples: Roses, Pomegranate, Jasmine, Lemon, China Rose.
• Trees

  Woody perennial plant, having a single stem or trunk growing a considerable height with lateral branches.

  Examples: Mango, Papaya, Ylang-ylang, Banana, Narra, Salingbobog
• Carolus Linnaeus: 1707 - 1778


  The first person to propose an orderly system for classifying organisms.

  He developed the Binomial System of Naming Plants in 1753.

  Bi = 2

  Nomial = name

  All plants have a scientific name composed of two Latin names known as a Genus and Specie

  He is the Father of Taxonomy
• Plant Classifications:

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Plant Kindom


  Has over 275,000 species

  All plants are included in one Kingdom (Plantae)

  Broken down into smaller based on characteristics:

  • Their ability to circulate fluids (like rainwater) through their bodies or need to absorb them from the moisture that surrounds them
  • How they reproduce (By spores or different kinds of seeds)
  • Their size or stature 
• Phylum


  Plants are divided into this category based on: Their ability to produce seeds/ Vascular or Non-Vascular

  • Whether or not the plant bears or produces seeds.
  • Vascular plants - Have tubelike structures that carry water, nutrients, other substances to the plant. Examples: Fern, gymnosperms, and flowering plants.
  • Non-Vascular Plants - Does not have tubelike structures but use other ways to move water or substances. Examples: Algae, mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
  • Over 250,000 plants in this category. 
• Class

  Over 235,000 species

  Plants are divided into two types of classes:

  • Angiospermae (Angiosperms) - Plants which produces flowers.
  • Gymnospermae (Gymnosperms) - Plants which doesn't produce flowers.
• Cotyledons


  A part inside a seed that looks like a small leaf, which the developing plant uses as a store of food. Cotyledons are the first parts of the seed to appear above the ground when it begins to grow.   
• Monocotyledonae (Monocotyledons / Monocots) - Plants with one seed leaf.

  Examples: Coconut, ginger, orchids
• For monocots and dicots, how many cotyledons does each of them have?

  (Example: Five Cotyledons)

  A) One Cotyledon

  B) Two Cotyledons

  
• Dicotyledonae (Dicotyledons / Dicots) - Plants with two seed leaves.

  Examples: Papaya, Tomato, Rose, Sunflower
• Identify the veins of monocots and dicots.

  A) Leaf Venation

  B) Parallel Veins

  C) Net-like Veins

  
• Monocots and dicots differ in the cross-section of:

  A) Root

  B) Ring

  C) Middle

  D) Xylem and Phloem

  
• Annual plants - plants that grow and flower in a year, and die after. They complete their life cycle in one year.
• Perennial plants - plants that live more than two years. Not less than three but not more than 100
• Biennial plants - plants that flower every 2 years. It completes its life cycle in two years
• Brand name: Biogesic

  General name: Paracetamol
• Monocots and dicots differ in their:

  A) Germination

  B) Single leaf

  C) Two seedleaves

  
• The number of petals of monocots is multiples of three

  The number of petals of dicots is multiples of four or five
• Monocots: Internodes can be seen clearly

  Dicots: Internodes cannot be seen clearly

  A) Stem

  
• Order


  A group of related plant families, classified in the order in which they are thought to have developed their differences from a common ancestor.

  • Vegetative Structures - Asexual Reproduction
  • Reproductive Structures - Sexual Reproduction

  Over 18,000 species

  Names of orders end in ales
• Stamen


  Male reproductive organ of a flower. Produces pollen.
• Pistil


  the female reproductive part of a flower
• Phyto - Plant
• Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae - Subclasses of Angiospermae Angiosperms
• Fill in the blanks for Corn Plant

  A) Spermatophyta

  B) Angiospermae

  C) Zea

  D) Mays

  
• Monocots and Dicots differ in their:

  A) Root system

  B) Fibrous Roots

  C) taproot