lesson 4

• an action of man that is done unconsciously 


  acts of man
• actions done with consciousness 


  human acts
• essential attributes of human acts

  • done by a conscious being
  • free will
• elements of determining morality (o-i-c)

  • object
  • intention
  • circumstances
• it is the object of the moral choices 


  the act itself or object
• refers to the motive of the action

  intention
• asks the 'w' questions of the moral choice

  circumstances
• proposed a criteria for moral judgment in what year about a physician not informing a patient about their situation.

  gallagher, 1985
• the ability to make a considerable decision to sensible conclusions; ability to judge


  judgement
• selecting a decision based on 2 or more possibilities 


  choice
• the goal 


  objective
• a way of living morally by developing good character traits

  virtue ethics
• 2 concepts of virtue ethics 


  virtue and practical wisdom
• trait of a character; behavior

  virtue
• ability to think and act in relation to values and morals to deliberate about things that are good or bad 


  practical wisdom
• other word for practical wisdom

  phronesis
• enables an individual to make good judgements

  practical wisdom
• 4 forms of virtue ethics 


  eudaemonist, agent based and exemplarist, platonic virtue, aristotelian virtue
• defines virtue in terms of their relationship to eudaemonia

  eudaemonist virtue ethics
• highest good a human can achieve. a life well lived.

  eudaimonia
• focuses on common sense intuitions

  agent based and exemplarist virtue ethics
• 4 virtues of generosity

  field, mode of responsiveness, basis of moral acknowledgement, target
• truest and fullest sense presupposes the contemplation of the form of the good. goodness of something that is done regularly makes room for new habits.

  platonistic virtue
• his ethics founded the premise that man strives on their ultimate goal

  aristotle
• where did he devised a standard virtue which should be a mean between 2 vices.

  nichomachean ethics
• the ultimate goal

  telos and eudaimonia
• how can an act be considered virtuous 


  should neither be too much or too less
• deficiency 


  cowardice, self indulgent, cheapness, self shame, servility, oxploitative
• virtue 


  courage, temperance, generosity, proper pride, justice
• excess 


  rashness, anhedonic, wastefulness, arrogance, vanity, altruistic
• regarded as the west pre eminent theorist of natural law

  st. thomas aquinas
• 2 moral philosophy of st. thomas aquinas

  Aristotelian eudaimonism, chirstian theology
• extension of the external law and is within the fabric of our own human nature.

  natural law
• what is considered to be vice?

  anything extreme
• provides general templates for the most salient forms of moral activities

  • prudence
  • justice
  • temperance
  • courage 


  cardinal virtues
• reason with respect to action; quality of being wise in practical affairs. ability to discipline oneself with reason.

  prudence
• moderates attraction of pleasures and provides balance in the created goods; discipline. 


  temperance
• taking whatever is in your path. means doing what we know despite of the possible consequences.

  courage
• treatment of individual with fairness 


  justice
• 2 sets of distinctions in justice

  legal and particular justice, commutative and distributive justice