Quiz 3

• What type of habitat do most non-human primates live in?

  Tropical forests
• What is the scientific name (genus and species) of chimpanzees?

  Pan troglodytes
• What order do Humans belong to?

  Primates
• What is it called when you observed one individual from the group at the zoo?

  Focal animal sampling method
• Taxonomy uses a binomial nomenclature which means two names. We always use italics for scientific names.
• List the hierarchy for the classification of organisms:

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• The classification hierarchy is more inclusive to more specific. Think like Russian nesting dolls.
• In the classification of organisms, genus and species are usually the words you hear when you are talking about things.
• Taxonomic Units:

  • Taxa (plural)
  • Taxon (singular)
• Characteristics of Primates:

  • generalized skeleton and teeth
  • reduced dental formula
  • grasping hands and feet (prehensile)
  • nails instead of claws on digits
  • good 3D vision, eyes, brain
  • postorbital bar or plate
  • shortened snout, limited olfaction
  • distinctive life history
  • large brain
  • sociality and learned behavior
• When we say distinctive life history, what we mean is:

  • slow development
  • few offspring/litter
  • long lifespans
• The dental formula is what?

  ICPM/ICPM
• What do the letters in the dental formula stand for?

  I = Incisors, C = Canine, P = Premolars, and M = Molars
• What was the ancestral mammal dental formula?

  3.1.4.3
• What is the ICPM for new world monkeys?

  2.1.3.3.
• What is the ICPM for humans?

  2.1.2.3.
• Tarsiers are completely carnivorous and recently only came into their placement because they skipped around. They can move their head almost 360 degrees.
• Taxonomy is a branch of science that deals with the naming and the classification of organisms. Every known living thing is classified within this taxonomic scheme.
• Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish scientist, developed the system of taxonomy and presented the first taxonomy in his book.
• The taxonomy that Linnaeus developed has seven hierarchical levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. We still use these levels today, though we have added many more (subfamily for example) to help organize the huge diversity of life on Earth.
• Organisms are classified into different categories at each level based on shared characteristics that are hypothesized to be inherited from a common ancestor. Thus, organisms in the same genus will be more similar and more closely related to one another than organisms in a different genus.
• We call the Linnaean taxonomic system an inclusive hierarchy because it is composed of a series of nested levels, with each level being increasingly more exclusive.
• In a Linnaean hierarchy, each named group is a taxon. Currently, there are about 26 known phyla, 80 classes, and 350 orders of extant animals.
• The taxonomy of a chimpanzee:

  • Animalia
  • Chrodata
  • Mammalia
  • Primates
  • Hominidae
  • Pan
  • troglodytes
• What is the kingdom of humans?

  Anamalia
• What is the phylum of humans?

  Chordata
• What is the class of humans?

  Mammalia
• What is the order of humans?

  Primates
• What is the family of humans?

  hominidae
• What is the genus of humans?

  homo
• What is the species of humans?

  Sapiens
• At what taxonomic levels to humans do chimpanzees differ?

  Genus and species.
• Do you think we are closely or distantly related to chimps based on thew way that we are classified?

  Closely
• How does taxonomy relate to phylogeny (evolutionary relationships)?

  Physical features help us classify.
• Do you think classification is more or less difficult if you add fossil taxa?

  More difficult because you can not see the en vivo features.
• What suborder do lemurs fall under?

  Strepsirrhines
• What suborder do spectral tarsia fall under?

  Haplorhines
• Where can you find lemurs?

  Madagascar
• Where do you find Old World Monkeys (cercopithecoids)?

  Africa and Asia
• Where do you find New World Monkeys (platyrrhines)?

  South America