Information Age

• The abacus, which dates back to 3,000 BCE, is frequently cited as the earliest known computer device
• English mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage is credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. During the mid-1830s Babbage developed plans for the Analitycal Engine
• Analitycal Engine

  • A GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER
  • CAN DO 4 MATHEMATICAL OPERATION SUCH AS ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, DIVISION ITS SLOWER IN SPEED
• Augusta Ada King

  • She also know as Ada Lovelace her notes not only presented the first documented computer program, but also, going well beyond Babbage's ideas of computers as manipulating numbers, outlined their creative possibilities
• Vacuum Tubes

  • An electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum. It is used as a switch, amplifier or display screen (CRT). Used as on/off switches, vacuum tubes allowed the first computers to perform digital computations.
• The Eniac (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

  • It's completed in 1945, was a marvel of its time, capable of performing complex calculations at unprecedented speeds
  • Developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania All Was completed in 1945 announce in 1946
  • Was the first programmable electronic general purpose digital computer
• The UNIVAC 1

  • Universal Automatic Computer 1
  • First released in 1951 Developed by Eckert-Mauchly computer corporation was designed as a commercial data-processing computer, intended to replace the punched-card accounting machines of the day
• First Generation Computers

  • Analytical Engine
  • Vacuum Tubes
  • The ENIAC
  • The UNIVAC
• Transistor Computer

  • now often called a second-generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
• Integrated Circuits (ICs)

  • Invented by Jack Kilby in 1960's
  • Also known as third generation computer
  • Use in place of transistors
  • It consist of many transistors, resistors and capacitors
  • FORTRAN, COBOL & PASCAL was used as programming language
• Fourth Generation Computers

  • Invented in the 1970's. Uses microprocessors and VLSI or Very Large Scale Integration
  • UNIX was the first operating system used in the 4th gen computers
  • Can process large amounts of data in seconds
  • Use C and C++ as programming languages
• Fifth Generation Computers

  • was begun by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (1982)
  • All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, Net etc.. are used in this generation
  • More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
  • Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
• Mathematics as the Language of Nature

  • Mathematics serves as a universal language for describing the patterns, structures, and relationships inherent in the natural world.
• World Wide Web

  • Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented this in 1989.
  • was first developed as a tool for collaboration in the high energy physics community
• Features of a Computer

  • Speed
  • Storage Device
  • Accuracy
  • Organization
  • Consistency
• High-performance computing (HPC) systems, including supercomputers and interconnected processors, enable researchers to perform complex simulations and computations impossible with conventional computers.
• Reliable Resources

  • are those that provide accurate, credible, and well- researched information from trustworthy sources. These sources are typically authored by experts in the field and are peer-reviewed, meaning they have been evaluated by other experts before publication
• Unreliable Resources

  • are those that lack credibility and may contain inaccurate, biased, or unverified information. These sources can include personal blogs, self-published books, forums, social media posts without verifiable sources, and websites known for spreading misinformation or conspiracy theories.
• ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

  • Personal Privacy
  • Access Rights
  • Harmful Actions
  • Patents
  • Copyright
  • Trade Secrets
  • Liability
  • Virus
• Personal privacy in information technology relates to debates about: private communications, such as emails, voicemails, or recordings. privacy of the body, such as medical information or videotaping. personal information, such as where one lives, where they work, or how many children they have.
• Access Rights are the permissions an individual user or a computer application holds to read, write, modify, delete or otherwise access a computer file; change configurations or settings, or add or remove applications
• Harmful actions include intentional destruction or modification of files and programs leading to serious loss of resources or unnecessary expenditure of human resources such as the time and effort required to purge systems from "computer viruses."
• Patents

  • It gives one the exclusive rights and bars others from making, using, selling and importing product or process, based on the patented invention without one's permission.
• Copyright is the protection given to songs, computer programs, books, and other creative works; any work that has an "author" can be copyrighted.
• Trade secrets is also a significant ethical issue in information technology. A trade secret secures something of value and usefulness.
• Information Technology Liability (IT Liability) insurance protects you against legal liability occurring due to failure of your IT products, services or advice. As society's reliance on technology increases, so does the risk of liability
• Viruses pose a significant challenge in the realm of information and technology due to their ability to infiltrate and disrupt digital systems. These malicious software programs can spread rapidly through networks, compromising data integrity, disrupting operations, and causing financial losses.
• The Truths of Information Age by Robert Harris

  
  

  2. Information must compete.

  3. The early word gets the perm.

  4. The frame makes the painting.

  5. Selection is a viewpoint.

  6. Newer is equated with truer.

  7. The media sell what the culture buys.

  8. You are what you eat and so is your brain.

  9. All ideas are seen as controversial.

  10. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited.
• The Truths of Information Age by Robert Harris

  11. Undead information walks ever on.

  12. To accuse is to convict, and possibility is proof.

  13. The medium selects the message.

  14. Media presence creates the story.

  15. Yours is not to reason why. Yours is to buy and buy..

  16. The whole truth is a pursuit.