MICROPARA (WEEK 10- CANVAS)

• BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
• MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY (MICP 211 )
• COURSE MODULE
• COURSE UNIT
• WEEK No. 10
• 2 - MIDTERM PERIOD
• Viral Infections of Gastrointestinal Tract, Respiratory Tract, Central Nervous System including Sexually Transmitted Infection
• Implement a study habit

  1. Read and comprehend the following prior to online class proper: unit objectives; course module and learning videos

  2. Actively search for unfamiliar medical terminologies and relate to discussions

  3. Establish effective teacher- student interactions through participation in the synchronous online class discussion. through LMS discussion board or through Online Class chat box. Ask relevant questions

  4. Answer and submit course unit tasks online if there is any

  5. For additional direction read study guide prior to class proper
• Viral Gastroenteritis (Viral Enteritis, Viral Diarrhea)


  Sometimes referred to as "stomach flu" or "24-hour flu"
• Viral Gastroenteritis


  • Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, myalgia, headache, malaise, and low-grade fever; it can be fatal in an infant or young child
  • Although viral gastroenteritis (particularly when caused by a rotavirus) is usually a self-limiting sickness lasting 24 to 48 hours
• Pathogens of viral gastroenteritis

  • enteric adenoviruses
  • astroviruses
  • caliciviruses (including noroviruses)
  • rotaviruses
  • norovirus-like viruses
  • rotaviruses
• Viral Hepatitis


  Inflammation of the liver caused by alcohol, drugs, and viruses
• Viruses that cause viral hepatitis

  • hepatitis A virus (HAV)
  • hepatitis B virus (HBV)
  • hepatitis C virus (HCV)
  • hepatitis D virus (HDV)
  • hepatitis E virus (HEV)
  • hepatitis G virus (HGV)
  • hepatitis GB virus A (HGBV-A)
  • hepatitis GB virus B (HGBV-B)
  • hepatitis GB virus C (HGBV-C)
• Hepatitis can also occur as a result of viral diseases such as infectious mononucleosis, yellow fever, and cytomegalovirus infection
• Acute, Febrile, Viral Respiratory Disease


  Characterized by fever and one or more of the following systemic reactions: chills, headache, general aching, malaise, anorexia, and sometimes gastrointestinal disturbances in infants
• Symptoms of acute, febrile, viral respiratory disease

  • rhinitis
  • pharyngitis
  • tonsillitis
  • laryngitis
  • bronchitis
  • pneumonia
  • conjunctivitis
  • otitis media
  • sinusitis
• Pathogens of acute, febrile, viral respiratory disease


  • parainfluenza viruses
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  • adenovirus
  • rhinoviruses
  • certain coronaviruses
  • coxsackieviruses
  • echoviruses
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)


  The major viral respiratory tract pathogen of early infancy which could cause pneumonia, croup, bronchitis, otitis media, and death
• Influenza (Flu)


  Acute, viral respiratory infection with fever, chills, headache, aches and pains throughout the body (most noticeable in the back and legs), sore throat, cough, nasal drainage
• Influenza viruses rarely cause GI symptoms. Stomach flu, also known as the 24-hour flu, is caused by viruses other than influenza viruses
• Pathogens that cause influenza

  • Influenza viruses A
  • Influenza viruses B
  • Influenza viruses C
• Influenza A virus


  Causes severe symptoms and is associated with pandemics and severe disease and more localized outbreaks
• Influenza C virus


  Usually does not cause epidemics or significant disease
• Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

  Primarily a disease of birds, but can cause human disease with symptoms ranging from influenza-like symptoms to eye infections, pneumonia, acute and severe respiratory distress, and other severe and life-threatening complications
• Subtypes of avian influenza virus type A

  • H5
  • H7
  • H9
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)


  A viral respiratory illness with high fever, chills, headache, a general feeling of discomfort, body aches, and sometimes diarrhea. Most patients develop a dry cough followed by pneumonia
• Pathogen of SARS


  SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
• Anogenital Herpes Viral Infections (Genital Herpes)

  Herpes simplex infections characterized by a localized primary lesion, latency, and a tendency to localized recurrence
• Genital herpes in females

  • Principal sites of primary infection are cervix and vulva, with recurrent disease affecting the vulva, perineal skin, legs, and buttocks
• Genital herpes in males

  • Lesions appear on the penis, & in anus & rectum of those engaging in anal sex
• Symptoms of genital herpes

  • Itching, tingling, & soreness are the initial symptoms, followed by small patch of redness & then group of small, painful blisters that break and fuse to form painful, circular sores, which become crusted after a few days. The sores heal in about 10 days but may leave scars. Initial outbreak is more painful, prolonged, and widespread than subsequent outbreaks and may be associated with fever
• Genital Warts (Genital Papillomatosis, Condyloma Acuminatum)


  Start as tiny, soft, moist, pink or red swellings, which grow rapidly and may develop stalks. Rough surfaces give the appearance of small cauliflowers. Multiple warts often grow in same area
• Location of genital warts

  • Most often on penis in men & vulva, vaginal wall, cervix, & skin surrounding the vaginal area in women. Also develop around anus & in rectum in men or women who engage in anal sex
• Genital warts can become malignant
• Pathogens of genital warts

  Genital warts are caused by HPVs of Papovaviridae family of DNA viruses (human wart viruses). HPV genotypes 16 & 18 are associated with cervical cancer
• HIV Infection and AIDS


  The signs and symptoms of acute HIV infection usually occur within several weeks to several months after infection. Initial symptoms include acute, self-limited mononucleosis-like illness lasting 1 or 2 weeks. Without appropriate anti-HIV treatment, approx.90% of HIV-infected develop AIDS, a severe, life-threatening syndrome that represents the late clinical stage of infection with HIV
• AIDS is caused by HIV. Two types have been identified: type 1 (HIV- 1), which is the most common type, and type 2 (HIV-2). HIV viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Retroviridae (retroviruses)
• Infectious Mononucleosis


  Also called "mono" or the "kissing disease" is an acute viral disease that may be asymptomatic or characterized by fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and fatigue. It is rarely fatal
• Pathogen of infectious mononucleosis

  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4. A DNA virus in family Herpesviridae that infects and transforms B cells
• EBV is known as oncogenic (cancer causing), causing or associated with lymphomas, carcinomas, and sarcomas, among other cancers