ENGLISH Q4 - M1

• Introduction


  The first paragraph of a written research paper, or the first thing you say in an oral presentation, or the first thing people see, hear, or experience about your study. It gives the readers the beginning of the piece of thread so they can follow it. It presents information from global, national, and local settings.
• Purpose of the study

  • IT IS A STATEMENT OF "WHY" THE STUDY IS BEING CONDUCTED, OR THE GOAL OF THE STUDY. THE GOAL OF A STUDY MIGHT BE TO IDENTIFY OR DESCRIBE A CONCEPT OR TO EXPLAIN OR PREDICT A SITUATION OR SOLUTION TO A SITUATION THAT INDICATES THE TYPE OF STUDY TO BE CONDUCTED (BECKINGHAM, 1974).

  • IT IDENTIFIES THE VARIABLES, POPULATION AND SETTING FOR A STUDY. EVERY STUDY HAS AN EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT PURPOSE STATEMENT. THE RESEARCH PURPOSE SHOULD BE

  STATED OBJECTIVELY OR IN A WAY THAT DOES NOT REFLECT BIASES OR VALUES OF THE

  RESEARCHER.
• Review of the related literature


  A process and documentation of the current relevant research literature regarding a topic or subject of interest. It is a systematic identification and location of documents concerning information related to the research problem. It is composed of discussions and facts and principles to which the present study is relatedIt presents the readings related to the study, which may be obtained from books, journals, magazines, internet, etc.
• Theoretical framework/lens


  The structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. It introduces and describes the concept which explains why the research problem under study exists. It refers to the theories or studies of varied authors as proven and tested.
• Conceptual framework


  Refers to visual templates, illustrations, and examples to determine theories and methodologies for the research. It is a visual plan on how to conduct the research. It is the structure or chart that shows the dependent and the independent variables.
• Statement of the problem/research questions


  States the questions that are ought to be answered by the researcher/s. It refers to an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue. It is the initial step in a research project.
• Hypothesis


  An educated prediction that can be tested. It is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive statement about the possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a particular property of a population, such as presumed differences between groups on a variable or relationships between variables.
• Definition of terms


  Defining important terms is essential to ensure a common understanding of key concepts and terminology is shared between the author and the readers or audience, particularly if the term is unusual or not widely known. These are general words and phrases defined within the context of how they apply to the research study. It refers to the conceptually defined (taken from dictionary) and operationally defined (as used in the study by the researcher/s) terms or words in the research study.
• Significance of the study


  It mainly focuses on the question "Who will benefit from the study?". It describes what contribution the study will make and the usefulness of the study in the society. It tells what you hope will benefit others and/or how readers will benefit or learn from your research study. It is a statement which intentionally addresses to a specific individual or groups.
• Scope and delimitation


  It is to whom will the study be focusing (delimited). It contains the explanation of what information or subject is being analyzed. It deals with the extent of the study to be made. It defines where and when the study is conducted and who the subjects are.
• Methodology


  It discusses the process or method the research study was done or completed. It tells the main instrument used in gathering of data (survey form, researcher-made questionnaire, interview, etc.).
• Research design


  It refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem. It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.
• Research locale


  It refers to the place where the research study was conducted.
• Research respondents/research participants


  It tells who the group of individuals are used in the research study.
• Role of the researcher


  The primary role of the researcher is to safeguard the participants and their data. Mechanisms for such safeguarding must be clearly articulated to participants before the research begins.
• Research instruments


  These are measurement tools (for example, questionnaires or scales) designed to obtain data on a topic of interest from research subjects. It tells the main instrument used in gathering of data (survey form, researcher-made questionnaire, interview, etc.).
• Data gathering procedure/data collection


  It gives the procedure/ process of conducting the research (permission to conduct the study, administration and retrieval of the questionnaires, tabulation of data gathered, etc.).
• Data analysis/results and discussion


  It discusses the answers based on the listed statement of the problem. It is also where explanations and tables be found.
• Statistical tools/treatment


  These are methods involved in carrying out a study which include planning, designing, collecting data, drawing meaningful interpretation, and reporting of the findings. It indicates the statistical method used or utilized in the study. Example: Mean, T-test, Standard Deviation, Pearson, Regression, One-way Anova, etc.
• Trustworthiness of the study/ethical consideration


  There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. Second, since research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness.
• Conclusions


  These are statements drawn or formulated based on the findings of the study. It is the last paragraph or the last part in the research paper. It is in some ways like the introduction. You restate your thesis statement and summarize your main points of evidence.
• Recommendations


  These are stated based on the findings/ results and the conclusions of the research. These are suggestions, proposals that could be given to those who will benefit the study (refer to the significance of the study) that would somehow help them in one way or the other.
• Summary of findings


  It states the answers in summary form/ already the gist of the study. It is the textual generalization, that is, a summary of the important data consisting of text and numbers.
• APA (American Psychological Association)


  It is the style of documentation of sources used by the American Psychological Association. This form of writing research papers is used mainly in the social sciences (like psychology, anthropology, sociology, as well as education and other fields).
• Qualitative research


  It is a type of social science research that collects and works with nonnumerical data and that seeks to interpret meaning from these data that help understand social life through the study of targeted populations or places. It is used to gain insights into people's feelings and thoughts.
• Quantitative research


  It is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.