MICROPARA (WEEK 7- CANVAS)

• Pathogenic bacteria possess characteristics that enable them to circumvent the body's defenses and exploit its resources, resulting in infection. It spreads by a variety of mechanisms. A significant number of organisms must survive in the environment and reach a vulnerable host in order for it to spread
• Staphylococcus aureus


  Gram-positive S. aureus grows in grape-like clusters. It exhibits huge, spherical, golden-yellow colonies under a microscope. Direct tissue invasion and destruction spread it to the skin and nasopharynx. It produces harmful enzymes and toxins
• Folliculitis


  • Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention
• Furuncle


  • Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention
• Carbuncle


  • Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention
• Sty or Hordeolum


  • Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention
• Impetigo


  • Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention
• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS / Ritter's disease)


  • Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention

  
• Staphylococcus epidermidis


  This normal skin flora is often associated with "stitch abscess," UTI, and endocarditis, and can induce infections in prosthetic users

  
• Streptococcus pyogenes


  S. pyogenes, a Gram-positive, group A beta-hemolytic cocci, causes complete blood hemolysis. Main virulence factor is M protein
• Pyoderma (impetigo)


  • Clinical findings, complications, lab diagnosis, treatment, prevention and patient care
• Erysipelas (St. Anthony's fire)


  • Clinical findings, complications, lab diagnosis, treatment, prevention and patient care
• Cellulitis


  • Clinical findings, complications, lab diagnosis, treatment, prevention and patient care
• Necrotizing fasciitis


  • Clinical findings, complications, lab diagnosis, treatment, prevention and patient care
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa


  Gram-negative bacteria in pairs, encapsulated, create water-soluble pyocyanin and resist most antibiotics. This antibiotic-resistant opportunistic aerobic bacteria causes hospital nosocomial infections. Colonising damaged skin transmits adhesins, poisons, and enzymes
• Blue-green pus; sweet grape-like odor


  • Clinical findings, lab diagnosis, treatment & prevention
• Folliculitis


  • Clinical findings, lab diagnosis, treatment & prevention
• Secondary infection to acne and nail infection

  • Clinical findings, lab diagnosis, treatment & prevention
• Osteochondritis


  • Clinical findings, lab diagnosis, treatment & prevention
• Ocular keratitis in contact lens wearers, endocarditis and osteomyelitis in IV drug users; external otitis (swimmer's ear) in healthy people, and severe external otitis in diabetics


  • Clinical findings, lab diagnosis, treatment & prevention
• Bacteria are generally associated with many types of OCULAR INFECTIONS. If left untreated, ocular infections can harm the structures of the eye, resulting in blindness and visual impairment
• Conjunctivitis


  Inflammation/infection of conjunctiva
• Keratitis


  Inflammation/infection of cornea
• Keratoconjunctivitis


  Inflammation/infection of conjunctiva & cornea
• Clostridium perfringens


  This anaerobic gram-positive bacillus produces endospores and four deadly toxins: alpha, beta, iota, and epsilon. Alpha is the most deadly due to extensive hemolysis, haemorrhage, and tissue destruction. Transmission occurs by skin colonisation after trauma or surgery
• Gas gangrene (Clostridial Myonecrosis)


  • Clinical findings, lab diagnosis, treatment, prevention and patient care
• Bacillus anthracis


  B. antrhacis is a large, aerobic, encapsulated, gram-positive bacilli in long chains. It is "bamboo fishing rod" or "Medusa head" in appearance. B. antrhacis endospores can survive in soil for 60 years. Two exotoxins make B. anthracis more dangerous are edema toxin and lethal toxin
• Cutaneous anthrax


  • Description
• Inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax


  • Description
• Gastrointestinal anthrax


  • Description
• Bacterial conjunctivitis ("pinkeye")


  Symptoms include conjunctival irritation, reddening, eyelid edema, mucopurulent discharge, light sensitivity, and contagiousness. Common pathogens include Haemophilus influenzae subsp. aegyptius and Streptococcus pneumoniae but there are other bacteria as well such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae
• Chlamydia trachomatis


  Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen; high-lipid cell. sulfonamide-sensitive associated with conjunctivitis, inclusion conjunctivitis, and trachoma
• Trachoma


  Chronic keratoconjunctivitis. Serotypes A, B, and C disseminate it by droplets, fomites, and eye-seeking flies in poor living conditions
• Neisseria gonorrheae


  Diplococcus gram-negative Kidney-shaped, spread by finger-to-eye contact in adults. Neonatal "ophthalmia neonatorum" results from birth canal transit
• Haemophilus aegyptius


  Rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria causes severe, pus-filled conjunctivitis. Also known as Koch-Weeks bacillus
• Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius

  Gram-negative,piliated, long slender rods, nonmotile, nonsporeforming. Capsules have not been demonstrated. Causes epidemic purulent conjunctivitis in children
• Streptococcus pneumoniae


  Causes most pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and meningitis
• Foodborne disease can arise from

  • Gastritis
  • Enteritis
  • Colitis
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Hepatitis
  • Dysentery
• Establishment of infectious disease in digestive system

  • Pharmacologic action
  • Local inflammation
  • Deep tissue invasion
  • Perforation
• Bacterial infections causing food poisoning (bacterial enterocolitis)

  • Staph. Aureus
  • Clostridium perfringes
  • Vibrio parahemolyticus
  • Bacillus cereus